Evaluation of conditioned medium from placenta‐derived mesenchymal stem cells as a storage medium for avulsed teeth: An in vitro study

Abstract

Background/Aim: The viability of periodontal ligament cells on the root surface is a major factor that influences the healing of replanted teeth. A suitable storage medium is necessary to preserve avulsed teeth before replantation. Conditioned medium from placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PMSC-CM) contains a variety of growth factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of PMSC-CM as a storage medium to maintain the cell viability of avulsed teeth. Material and Methods: Extracted premolars from healthy humans were randomly stored in Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) and PMSC-CM for 6, 12 and 24 hours, respectively, at room temperature, and then the ratio of apoptosis of the periodontal ligament (PDL) cells was identified by flow cytometry. Human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) were incubated with HBSS and PMSC-CM, respectively, for 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours in 5% CO 2 at 37°C. Then, the cell viability of PDLSCs was determined using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and a cell cycle assay was performed. Results: The apoptosis rate of PDL cells in PMSC-CM was significantly lower than that in HBSS at 24 hours (P < .001), while the two groups showed similar cell apoptosis rates at 6 and 12 hours (P > .05). The cell proliferation of PDLSCs treated with PMSC-CM significantly increased compared with the HBSS group (P < .05). The cell cycle assay revealed that the PDLSCs treated with HBSS were arrested at the G1 phase, while there was no difference between the PMSC-CM group and the control group (P > .05). Conclusions: Compared with HBSS, PMSC-CM showed better inhibition of apoptosis of PDL cells and promoted the proliferation of PDLSCs. Thus, PMSC-CM could be a promising storage medium for avulsed teeth. K E Y W O R D S cell viability, conditioned medium from placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells, periodontal ligament cells, storage media, tooth avulsion How to cite this article: Ji L-L, Song G, Jiang L-M, et al. Evaluation of conditioned medium from placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells as a storage medium for avulsed teeth:

Tooth Saving Solutions- Best Transport Media for Avulsed Tooth? A Review

“…The results of their study showed that HBSS is an optimal storage medium for avulsed tooth when compared with other tested solutions. 5 Ashkenazi et al showed that HBSS was the most effective medium for preserving viability, mitogenicity, and clonogenic capacities of PDL cells for up to 24 hours at 4°C, when compared with culture medium (EM supplemented with 15% foetal calf serum and antibiotic solution containing 100 UI/mL penicillin, 50 μg/mL gentamicin, and 0.3 μg/mL fungizone), EM, milk, ViaSpan, and conditioned medium. 11 Recent studies have evaluated the use of 0.9% isotonic saline, milk, HBSS, and Viaspan as storage media for the preservation of cell viability.…”

“…4 The best treatment protocol is the immediate replantation of the involved tooth at the accident site however; this may not be possible to occur. 5 The ability of a storage/transport medium to support cell viability of the avulsed tooth before treatment can be more important than the extra oral time, for preventing ankylosis and replacement resorption. 6 Various solutions have been investigated as storage media, such as Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS), milk, aloe vera extract, propolis, coconut water, and egg white.…”

“…2,5 Ideal properties of a Transport medium Should have antimicrobial characteristics Should be able to maintain the viability of periodontal fibres for an acceptable period of time It should have the same osmolarity as that of body fluids It should not produce any antigen-antibody reaction It should have a good shelf life It should wash off extraneous materials and toxic waste products It should aid in the reconstitution of depleted cellular metabolites…”

Recent findings on perinatal mesenchymal stem cells – their possible application in current advanced medicine

“…They did not observe any acute and long-term treatment-related adverse effects [15]. Ji et al discovered that the conditioned medium from placenta-derived MSCS increased the proliferation and lowered the apoptosis rate in human periodontal ligament stem cells obtained from the extracted premolars [18]. Moreover, placenta-derived MSCs hydrogel appeared as a novel therapeutic option for patients with diabetic foot ulcers.…”