Evaluation of coverage and compliance to mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis elimination in two endemic districts of Karnataka

Abstract

Background: Lymphatic filariasis is a debilitating and disfiguring disease causing significant socioeconomic burden. India is endemic for filariasis which includes Kalaburagi and Yadgir districts in Karnataka. India has the target for filariasis elimination by 2020 and mass drug administration [MDA] is a strategy for elimination. The objective of the study was to evaluate the coverage and compliance of mass drug administration against lymphatic filariasis.Methods: The study was a cross sectional study conducted during the month of October 2018 in Kalaburagi and Yadgir districts. The study subjects included all the residents of cluster except subjects aged below 2 years and pregnant women. Multi stage sampling was used and three clusters from rural area and one cluster from urban area from each district. Data collection was done by household survey after informed consent using a standard questionnaire.Results: A total population of 1,963 subjects residing in 399 houses of two districts was included. Majority of the study subjects 1517 (77.27%) were in the age group of more than 15 years with predominantly males 984(50.12%). The coverage rate and compliance rate of MDA was 83.17% and 92.46% in Kalaburagi district and 86.71% and 86.98% in Yadgir district respectively. The effective coverage rate and coverage compliance gap was 76.89% and 7.53% in Kalaburagi district, 75.42% and 13.01% in Yadgir district. Incomplete dose of MDA was consumed by 17 subjects in Kalaburagi district and 21 subjects in Yadgir district.Conclusions: The effective MDA coverage in both the study districts is below 85% which is not satisfactory.

An open label, block randomized, community study of the safety and efficacy of co-administered ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine plus albendazole vs. diethylcarbamazine plus albendazole for lymphatic filariasis in India

“…One of the reasons for the lower Mf clearance in this study might be due to the difficulty in ensuring that all the participants swallowed all the tablets provided to them during night hours in a village setting. Our study showed that compliance rates (IDA: 73.5% Vs DA: 82.9% of eligible village residents) were at least comparable with available independent coverage survey results in Yadgir with two drugs (90.1% and 75.4% of the eligible population) after 8 and 15 rounds of MDA in 2011 and 2018) and higher than that reported after 11 rounds of MDA in 2015 (56.2%) [14][15][16]. Indeed, many residents of our study villages reported never having swallowed MDA drugs prior to this study.…”

“…The district has provided MDA for LF elimination since 2004, and 12 annual rounds of MDA with DA had been completed by 2016, prior to initiation of the present study. Independent coverage surveys conducted in Yadgir after 8, 11 and 15 rounds of MDA in 2011, 2015 and 2018 showed medication consumption rates of 90.1, 56.2 and 75.4% for the eligible population [14][15][16]. For the remaining rounds, no data were available.…”

Coverage evaluation of Mass Drug Administration (MDA) for lymphatic filariasis in a district of Bundelkhand Region of Uttar Pradesh

“…Fever, nausea, vomiting, headache, diarrhoea, pain abdomen was the common adverse reaction. (8) The study done by Haldar et al reported that 25 (7.72%) individual reported adverse event. Out of that 72.0%, 24.0%, and 8.0% complained of dizziness, drowsiness and vomiting, respectively.…”

“…(7) The study done by Shivalingaiah et al reported most common reason for non-consumption was that the subjects were out of station at the time of visit by drug distributor 24 (42.10%) in Kalaburagi district and 43 (36.13) in Yadgir district. (8) The study done by Panika and Sahu reported the main reason for non-consumption was Not suffering from concerned disease followed by Fear of side effects Forget to take tablets Not present at home during distribution of drug etc. (9) The study done by Haldar et al reported most common reason for non-consumption was fear of side effects followed by Forgotten to consume, not at home during the MDA implementation and didn't have the disease.…”