Evaluation of Diagnostic Methods in the Differentiation of Heart Murmurs in Children

Begić, Zijo; Dinarevic, Senka Mesihovic; Pesto, Senad; Begić, Edin; Dobraca, Amra; Masic, Izet

doi:10.5455/aim.2016.24.94-98

Cited by 23 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Heart murmurs are sounds generated by turbulent blood flow in the heart and blood vessels within the heart [5]. Heart murmurs may be systolic, diastolic or continuous [5].…”

Section: Heart Murmurs Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diastolic murmurs are usually abnormal in their presentation and may be heard in early, mid-diastole or late-diastole [5]. Early diastole murmurs immediately follow S2 in the cardiac cycle.…”

Section: Diastolic Murmurs Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Early diastole murmurs immediately follow S2 in the cardiac cycle. Mid-diastolic murmurs result due to an increase flow through the mitral or tricuspid valves [5]. Late-diastolic murmurs are due to pathological narrowing of the atrioventricular valves [5].…”

Section: Diastolic Murmurs Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The goal herein is to provide adequate and up-to-date information for the level of the audience. anticonvulsants or antidepressants [5]. Finally, the medical student should inquire about family history to include congenital heart defects or genetic malformations [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Late-diastolic murmurs are due to pathological narrowing of the atrioventricular valves [5]. A common continuous murmur present during systole and diastole is a patent ductus arterosus (PDA) [5]. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cardiac Murmurs Auscultated in Infancy and Their Importance to Medical Students

Kerna¹

2017

JPNC

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The cardiac system is a substantial section on medical board examinations. Different levels of providers are expected to have a certain degree of knowledge of the cardiac system within their scope of practice. This article reviews basic infant heart murmurs, diastole vs. systolic classification, and history taking with physical examination components to obtain a differential diagnosis at the level of a third or fourth year medical student. Although benign heart murmurs are common in the pediatric population, it is critical to obtain a detailed history and be able perform a thorough physical examination in the infancy population during the critical postpartum period as some heart murmurs are life-threatening. The medical student should attempt to differentiate between the nature of the murmur-either benign or pathological-and resolve it in a reasonable time frame to ensure the health of the infant. Many pediatricians will automatically refer to a pediatric cardiologist for a specialist assessment; however, this can lead to an overflow of patients for the pediatric cardiologist, and influence patient turnaround and the ability to accept new patients.This article outlines basic fetal circulation. It describes a focused cardiac physical examination for the scope of medical students in either third or fourth year (clinical rotations), and helps differentiate the heart murmur classifications. The information provided is a good starting point for neonatal/pediatric rotations and will prepare medical students for their end of rotation examination. It can also assist in pediatric cardiology elective rotation. The ability to classify each heart murmur based on physical exam findings is sometimes difficult for medical students transitioning to clinical rotations. The goal herein is to provide adequate and up-to-date information for the level of the audience. anticonvulsants or antidepressants [5]. Finally, the medical student should inquire about family history to include congenital heart defects or genetic malformations [6]. Keywords: Focused Cardiology Physical ExaminationHeart sounds should be described by their intensity, location and radiation, quality, and timing in the cardiac cycle [3].Intensity: Heart sounds can be described as low-pitched or high-pitched sounds. High-pitched sounds are often heard best with the diaphragm of the stethoscope [3].Location and Radiation: The location of the heart sound can help determine the etiology of the murmur [3]. The standard listening areas on the chest (aortic, pulmonic, tricuspid and mitral) apply to both heart sounds and murmurs [3]. It is also important to assess where the murmur radiates to within the heart. Quality: Quality of the murmur is often described as mechanical, harsh, soft, vibratory or blowing in nature [3].Timing: The timing of the heart sounds is described in relation to the cardiac cycle: early, mid, or late systole; or early, mid or late diastole [3].The First Heart Sound (S1): The first heart sounds (S1) represents closure of the atrioventricular ...

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“…Heart murmurs are sounds generated by turbulent blood flow in the heart and blood vessels within the heart [5]. Heart murmurs may be systolic, diastolic or continuous [5].…”

Section: Heart Murmurs Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diastolic Murmurs Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diastolic Murmurs Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cardiac Murmurs Auscultated in Infancy and Their Importance to Medical Students

Kerna¹

2017

JPNC

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Murmurs

Pelech¹

2023

Nelson Pediatric Symptom-Based Diagnosis: Common Diseases and Their Mimics

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Blood pressure and heart rate monitoring in children and adolescent with Still’s vibratory murmur

Dursun¹,

Türkmenoğlu²,

Aygun³

et al. 2021

Blood Pressure Monitoring

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Background Innocent heart murmur is common in healthy infants, children and adolescents. Although most cases are not pathologic, a murmur may be the manifestation of cardiovascular disease. It may also cause or be an indicator of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) changes.Objective This study aimed to document changes in BP and HR in children with Still's vibratory murmur (SVM). MethodsThis study included 226 children with SVM, and the control group included 138 healthy children that were age-, height-and weight-balanced. Patient files and our hospital registry system were retrospectively investigated for laboratory findings and electrocardiography and echocardiography results. In addition, we prospectively performed 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring in both groups.Results There were no statistically significant differences in 24-h, daytime and nighttime systolic BP, 24-h and nighttime diastolic BP and nighttime HR between the patient and control groups (P = ns). However, daytime diastolic BP, mean HR and daytime HR were significantly higher in patient group (P = 0.009, 0.039 and 0007, respectively). ConclusionsWe believe that in the presence of a higher HR and a higher aortic diastolic BP, which may induce hemodynamic changes in the left ventricle, flow turbulence through the aortic valve may increase, increasing the probability of hearing a murmur. ambulatory BP monitoring could be useful to obtain a better picture of these parameters during the 24-h period. Blood Press

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Evaluation of Diagnostic Methods in the Differentiation of Heart Murmurs in Children

Cited by 23 publications

References 16 publications

Cardiac Murmurs Auscultated in Infancy and Their Importance to Medical Students

Cardiac Murmurs Auscultated in Infancy and Their Importance to Medical Students

Murmurs

Blood pressure and heart rate monitoring in children and adolescent with Still’s vibratory murmur

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