Evaluation of diagnostic methods to distinguish between calves persistently and transiently infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus in respect to the presence of maternal antibodies

Larska, Magdalena; Kuta, A.; Polak, M.P.

doi:10.2478/bvip-2013-0054

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Although there is information in the literature regarding the implementation of RT-qPCR Cq cutoff points for some diseases of importance in human and veterinary medicine, mainly in the former (8,10,27,28), there are no studies establishing viral load cutoff points to causally associate RVA infection with disease in diarrheic calves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of an RT-qPCR viral load cutoff point for the etiologic diagnosis of rotavirus A diarrhea in neonate dairy calves

et al. 2022

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Rotavirus A (RVA) is amongst the most widespread causes of neonatal calf diarrhea. Because subclinical infections are common, the diagnosis of RVA-induced diarrhea cannot rely solely on molecular viral detection. However, RT-qPCR allows for quantification of RVA shedding in feces, which can be correlated with clinical disease. Here, we determine an optimal cutoff of rotaviral load quantified by RT-qPCR to predict RVA causality in diarrheic neonate calves, using RVA antigen-capture ELISA as reference test. Feces from 328 diarrheic (n = 175) and non-diarrheic (n = 153), <30-day-old dairy calves that had been tested by ELISA and tested positive by RT-qPCR were included. Of 82/328 (25.0%) ELISA-positive calves, 53/175 (30.3%) were diarrheic, whereas 124/153 (81.0%) non-diarrheic calves tested negative by ELISA. The median log10 viral load was significantly higher in diarrheic vs. non-diarrheic and ELISA-positive vs. -negative calves, indicating a higher viral load in diarrheic and ELISA-positive calves. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted using the viral loads of the 175 diarrheic calves that had tested either positive (n = 53, cases) or negative (n = 122, controls) by ELISA. The optimal log10 viral load cutoff that predicted RVA causality in diarrheic calves was 9.171. A bootstrapping procedure was performed to assess the out-of-bag performance of this cutoff point, resulting in sensitivity = 0.812, specificity = 0.886, area under the curve = 0.922, and positive and negative diagnostic likelihood ratios of 11.184 and 0.142, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of the cutoff was excellent to outstanding. This information will help in the interpretation of RVA RT-qPCR results in feces of diarrheic calves submitted for laboratory testing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of an RT-qPCR viral load cutoff point for the etiologic diagnosis of rotavirus A diarrhea in neonate dairy calves

et al. 2022

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“…The method used by some authors is considered more accurate by the identification of viral RNA. In a study carried out in Poland comparing the ELISA-Ag based on the Erns protein -a structural protein -, the Realtime RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), and the ELISA-Ag test based on the NS3 protein -a non-structural protein -it was observed that it was possible to identify PI animals in 89.7%, 100% and 3.4% of cases, respectively (Larska et al 2013). Similarly, a previous study has described the superiority of RNA detection regarding ELISA on the presence of maternal antibodies (Zimmer et al 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of bovines persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in dairy cattle herds in Paraná State, Brazil

Freitas

Correa²,

Valotto³

et al. 2021

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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This study aimed to establish the prevalence of animals persistently infected (PI) with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in dairy farms at Parana State, Brazil. Samples were collected from 6,465 female Holstein Friesian Dairy Cattle, including animals less than two years old, females over two years old who had not given birth at the farm, and mothers of calves diagnosed as persistently infected. The cattle came from 40 dairy herds distributed in 10 municipalities in the State of Paraná. The samples were obtained from May 2015 to August 2018. The diagnosis of PI animals was made with an antigen-capture ELISA test. We detected PI animals in fifteen herds sampled (37.5%), ranging from one to sixteen animals per herd. The prevalence in Parana State’s municipalities was 1.78%, ranging from 0.3 to 8.9% at positive herds. The analysis of the individual herds shows significant dissemination of the BVDV in Parana’s municipalities, including endemic areas. With this, we highlight the need for measures to raise awareness among producers about the existence and importance of bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) in dairy herds, reinforcing the PI animals’ role in disease epidemiology and the economic impact caused by the maintenance of these farm animals.

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“…To confirm the positive results from the BVDV antibody ELISA tests, serial dilutions (from 1:5 to 1:320) of seven randomly selected serum samples from buffalo and nine cattle sample with doubtful result in ELISA-1 and ELISA-4 were tested with VNT as described previously (Larska et al 2013). The Singer strain of CP BVDV-1a was used to determine neutralizing antibody titers in BT (bovine turbinate) cells.…”

Section: Virus Neutralization Test (Vnt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and phylogenetic analysis of bovine viral diarrhea virus in cattle (Bos taurus) and buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) from the Amazon region and Southeast Brazil

et al. 2022

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Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a highly infectious pathogen that affects bovines worldwide leading to great economic impact. Although Brazil has the largest commercial cattle population throughout the world and an increasing buffalo breeding industry, the country has no control or eradication program for BVDV. In this perspective, the aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of BVDV in cattle and buffaloes from two Brazilian states. Four different ELISA tests were performed and confirmed by virus neutralization testing (VNT). The presence of BVDV antibodies in the serum or plasma from 77 cattle from six herds (ELISA-1 and ELISA-4) and from 89 buffaloes from three herds (ELISA-1 through ELISA-4) was detected. Extraction of viral RNA was performed from the serum or plasma samples for the detection of BVDV by RT-PCR analysis. Amplified nucleotide sequences were used to construct a phylogenetic tree. In cattle, ELISA-1 detected 49.4% of seropositive animals, while ELISA-4 detected 37.7%. In buffaloes, ELISA-1 failed to detect any seropositive animals, while ELISA-2 and ELISA-3 detected 20.2% of seropositive animals, and ELISA-4 detected 21.3%. Eight of the nine herds tested had seropositive animals. The rate of PCR positive animals was 6.5% in cattle and 9% in buffaloes. Subtype 1d was found in cattle, and subtypes 1d and 1f were found in buffaloes. This is the first-time subtype 1f has been reported in Brazil. The absence of a control and eradication program seems to be favoring the spread of BVDV in the Brazilian herds. In addition, the improvement of diagnostic strategies for BVDV in buffaloes are required.

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Evaluation of diagnostic methods to distinguish between calves persistently and transiently infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus in respect to the presence of maternal antibodies

Cited by 5 publications

References 22 publications

Determination of an RT-qPCR viral load cutoff point for the etiologic diagnosis of rotavirus A diarrhea in neonate dairy calves

Determination of an RT-qPCR viral load cutoff point for the etiologic diagnosis of rotavirus A diarrhea in neonate dairy calves

Prevalence of bovines persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in dairy cattle herds in Paraná State, Brazil

Diagnosis and phylogenetic analysis of bovine viral diarrhea virus in cattle (Bos taurus) and buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) from the Amazon region and Southeast Brazil

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