Evaluation of different rat models intrauterine adhesion models and improvement of the technique for their establishment

Abstract

Uterine adhesion (IUA), a leading cause of uterine infertility, is characterized by endometrial fibrosis. Implementing an appropriate animal model is essential for the research on the mechanisms of IUA. In the present study, we establish and evaluate different intrauterine adhesion modeling procedures in rats to provide a reference for researchers. Rat IUA models were established by mechanical injury, 95% ethanol injection, and dual (mechanical and infectious) injury. After two estrus cycles, the female rats were mated with sexually mature male rats and uterine tissues were obtained on the 5th day of pregnancy. HE staining and immunohistochemical detection of cytokeratin 19 and vimentin were performed to assess the morphology of the endometrium. The Masson staining and the expression of transforming growth factor -β1 and collagen Ι were used to assess the endometrium fibrosis. The expression of integrin avβ3, LIF, and HOXA10 in rat endometrium was used to evaluate the endometrial receptivity. In addition, the efficiency of embryo implantation was examined in the uterus on the 8th day of pregnancy. In conclusion, our study found that mechanical injury caused by the curette can be completely repaired after two estrus cycles. However, dual injury (mechanical injury with infection) and 95% ethanol injection can be used to establish the IUA rat model, and the dual damage is closer to the clinic-pathological characteristics of IUA.

Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells and auto-crosslinked hyaluronic acid gel complex for treatment of intrauterine adhesion

“…Vimentin, a type III intermediate filament protein, is commonly found in mesenchymal cells and provides structural support while also playing an important role in cell integrity. Vimentin affects a variety of naturally occurring processes, involving cell migration, adhesion, and signaling [ 34 ]. VEGF is crucial for angiogenesis and tissue repair, including the endometrial lining.…”

Acupuncture management in the field of assisted reproductive technology

“…Several studies have investigated the mechanisms of acupuncture in male or female infertility. For instance, acupuncture affects the female reproductive endocrine immune system by activating the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis [10]. EA can improve sperm function by increasing the functional expression of CatSper corporate channels in sperm [11].…”