Evaluation of early retinal changes in patients on long-term hydroxychloroquine using optical coherence tomography angiography
Huanhuan Zhao,
Menglu Pan,
Yaping Liu
et al.
Abstract:Background: Connective tissue diseases (CTD), including systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), have long been treated with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). However, prolonged HCQ use poses a risk of adverse effects, particularly retinopathy. Objective: To detect early retinal changes assessed by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in CTD patients with long-term HCQ treatment and to explore the relationship between OCTA parameters and the concentrations of HCQ and its metabolites. Desi… Show more
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