Evaluation of Echocardiography as a Marker of Cardiovascular Risk in Obese Children and Adolescents

Caixe, Simone Helena; Benedeti, Augusto César Garcia Saab; Garcia, Jorge; Martins, Wellington de Paula; Filho, Francisco Mauad; Ciampo, Luíz Antônio Del; Nogueira‐de‐Almeida, Carlos Alberto

doi:10.14740/ijcp164w

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…4 Additionally, studies suggest that maintenance of obesity is directly associated with morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases. [5][6][7][8][9] In Brazil, the Ministry of Health's strategic action plan for non-transmissible chronic diseases (2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016)(2017)(2018)(2019)(2020)(2021)(2022) states that the prevalence of overweight among children aged 5 to 9 years has reached 33.5%, while obesity in the same age group has reached 14.3%, according to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE -Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística). 10,11 In the 10 to 19 years age group, the prevalence of overweight among adolescents was 20%, while the prevalence of obesity was 4% among girls and 5.9% among boys.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avaliação ultrassonográfica do complexo médio-intimal das carótidas comuns em crianças eutróficas e portadoras de sobrepeso/obesidade

García¹,

Benedeti²,

Caixe³

et al. 2019

J. vasc. bras.

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Resumo Contexto A obesidade é uma epidemia global, inclusive entre as crianças. Diante desse perfil, torna-se necessário identificar precocemente alterações cardiovasculares presentes em crianças com sobrepeso/obesidade. A ultrassonografia no modo B das carótidas comuns avalia, com precisão e em tempo real, as alterações precoces na medição da espessura do complexo médio-intimal (CMI), podendo detectar o início do processo de aterosclerose. Objetivos O presente estudo comparou a espessura do CMI entre crianças escolares com e sem sobrepeso/obesidade. Métodos Foram incluídas 59 crianças de ambos os sexos, entre 7 e 10 anos de idade, oriundas de centros de saúde de São Paulo. As crianças foram caracterizadas de acordo com o escore z do índice de massa corporal (IMC) em dois grupos, com e sem sobrepeso/obesidade. Os grupos foram comparados em relação à espessura do CMI. Resultados Os grupos foram homogêneos em idade e sexo. A medida média do CMI no grupo com sobrepeso/obesidade foi de 0,49 (± 0,07) mm; no grupo não sobrepeso/obeso, foi de 0,41 (± 0,05) mm (p < 0,01). Essas diferenças se mantiveram quando os grupos com e sem sobrepeso/obesidade foram comparados separadamente por sexo e pelos lados direito e esquerdo. O coeficiente de correlação entre a medida do CMI e o escore z do IMC foi de 0,61 (intervalo de confiança de 95% = 0,42-0,75). Dentro do mesmo estado nutricional, não houve diferença entre os gêneros, nem entre os lados direito e esquerdo. Conclusões A espessura do CMI de crianças com sobrepeso/obesidade foi maior e diretamente proporcional ao escore z do IMC, denotando maior risco cardiovascular nesse grupo.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avaliação ultrassonográfica do complexo médio-intimal das carótidas comuns em crianças eutróficas e portadoras de sobrepeso/obesidade

García¹,

Benedeti²,

Caixe³

et al. 2019

J. vasc. bras.

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“…Asthma and obstructive sleep apnea are linked to obesity, which is related to a higher risk of pulmonary infections [ 66 ]. Cardiac anatomy changes, higher blood pressure and medications [ 67 ], intima layer artery thickening [ 68 ], endothelial dysfunction, and damage to the endothelium due to leptin perivascular adipose tissue have been explained in obese children. In obese individuals, chronic inflammation impairs the regulation of anticoagulant factors that contribute to venous thromboembolism during COVID-19 [ 69 ].…”

Section: Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric endocrinopathies related to COVID-19: an update

et al. 2022

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Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the seventh coronavirus to be linked to human disease. The SARS-CoV-2 virus may have several pathophysiologic interactions with endocrine systems, resulting in disruptions in glucose metabolism, hypothalamus and pituitary function, adrenal function, and mineral metabolism. An increasing amount of evidence demonstrates both the influence of underlying endocrine abnormalities on the outcome of COVID-19 and the effect of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on endocrine systems. However, a systematic examination of the link to pediatric endocrine diseases has been missing. Data sources The purpose of this review is to discuss the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on endocrine systems and to summarize the available knowledge on COVID-19 consequences in children with underlying endocrine abnormalities. For this purpose, a literature search was conducted in EMBASE, and data that were discussed about the effects of COVID-19 on endocrine systems were used in the current study. Results Treatment suggestions were provided for endocrinopathies associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusions With the global outbreak of COVID-19, it is critical for pediatric endocrinologists to understand how SARS-CoV-2 interacts with the endocrine system and the therapeutic concerns for children with underlying problems who develop COVID-19. While children and adults share certain risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection sequelae, it is becoming obvious that pediatric responses are different and that adult study results cannot be generalized. While pediatric research gives some insight, it also shows the need for more study in this area. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12519-022-00662-x.

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“…Regarding the heart, we investigated if obese children, with ages between 6 and 9 years, has detectable modifications of the heart anatomy, especially regarding to the left ventricle, and we found that, among 5 index evaluated, two of them (the LV mass and the LV3 index) showed differences, with greater thickness of the ventricle among obese children [4]. The intima-media complex of common carotid artery can be accessed using ultrasonography.…”

Section: Opinionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prevalence was very high, independently of the method: 33.1% using fasting insulin > 15 and 37.8% using HOMA> 3.5 [1]. We also looked at blood pressure and we showed high blood pressure values among obese children, when compared to eutrophic children [3][4][5].…”

Section: Opinionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Echocardiography as a Marker of Cardiovascular Risk in Obese Children and Adolescents

Abstract: Background: Childhood obesity is a global epidemic and its prevalence has increased from the early 1970s to the 1990s. The objective of the study was to compare the echocardiographic parameters of left ventricular (LV) geometry between obese and non-obese children.

Cited by 10 publications

References 28 publications

Avaliação ultrassonográfica do complexo médio-intimal das carótidas comuns em crianças eutróficas e portadoras de sobrepeso/obesidade

Avaliação ultrassonográfica do complexo médio-intimal das carótidas comuns em crianças eutróficas e portadoras de sobrepeso/obesidade

Pediatric endocrinopathies related to COVID-19: an update

We Need To Look At the Comorbidities of Obesity during Childhood and Adolescence

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