Evaluation of Efficiency and Response of Quinoa Plant to Nitrogen Fertilization levels

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the response of the quinoa yield to nitrogen (N) fertilization, the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) as well as the correlation coefficient to determine the important traits that contribute in determining the productivity of quinoa crop. Three levels of N fertilizer (i.e., 0, 80 and 160 kg N ha-1) were used and laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The results showed that all tested characteristics were significantly increased with increasing N fertilizer treatments showing grain yields per plant varying from 2.48 to 18.08 g plant-1 and grain yields per hectare ranging from 101.23 to 770.2 kg ha-1. In contrast, NUE was significantly reduced with increasing N fertilizer rates from 5.52 to 4.31. The results indicated that there were significant effects of treatments on some chemical components in grains at 0 and 160 kg N ha-1 (i.e., 14.81 and 17.13% protein respectively); N, phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) contents in grains, roots and stem. According to the correlation between the vegetative traits and grain yield kg ha-1 varied from 0.95 for no. of leaves plant-1 to 0.99 for chlorophyll content, fresh weight plant-1 as well as leaf area. Also, the simple correlation among agronomic and chemical traits had significant and positive relations with the grain yield kg ha-1 under the investigated N treatments with an exception of P content that recorded a relatively high negative correlation with grain yield ha-1 (-0.589). It may be concluded from obtained results that dry weight as a vegetative trait, grain yield plant-1 as an agronomic trait and the ash as a chemical trait should be taking in considerations suggesting the importance of direct selection for these traits as important ones with grain yield ha-1 under studied treatments.

Phenotypic and genotypic resources for the USDA quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) genebank accessions

“…Similar YLD was observed by Almadini et al. (2019) in cultivar Chipaya under well‐nitrogen field condition (18.08 g/plant) in Saudi Arabia. A key target trait for improvement in quinoa is PLH because tall plants tend to lodge.…”

“…In Egypt, the cultivar Danish KVL3704 had a grain yield of 12.7-17.2 g/plant (Nagib et al, 2020) under field conditions. Similar YLD was observed by Almadini et al (2019) in cultivar Chipaya under well-nitrogen field condition (18.08 g/plant) in Saudi Arabia. A key target trait for improvement in quinoa is PLH because tall plants tend to lodge.…”

Effect of Some Fertilizer Combinations of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium on Some Qualitative Characteristics of Quinoa in Seed

“…The protein content of N0P0K0 was 11.35%, then it increased to 13.55% at the fertilizer level N30 -P25 -K20, then it increased to 20.75% at the fertilizer level N180 -P150 -K120. [30] also mentioned that nitrogen fertilizer treatments (80, 160 kg nitrogen h -1 ) caused significant differences in the values of total protein content in the dry grain of quinoa plant, as the protein values were 14.81%, 15.63% and 17.13%. Respectively, while there were no significant differences between the comparison treatment and (80,160) kg Nh -1 , this means that the protein content in the dry grain flour of the quinoa plant increases with the increase in the application rates of nitrogen fertilizer.…”

Effects of planting density, fertilization and growing season on the nutritional composition of 10 quinoa varieties (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) cultivated in the Central Highlands of Vietnam

“…Quinoa is also resistant to adverse environmental conditions such as temperature from -5 to 37 o C, one of the best salt and drought tolerant crops [1]. However, for quinoa to grow well and produce high yield of seed with good nutritional quality, proper fertilization is required [2][3][4]. The literature also showed that the planting density is an important factor deciding the yield and quality of quinoa in addition to other aspects like the difference in variety, fertilizing procedures and growing seasons [3,5,6].…”

“…However, for quinoa to grow well and produce high yield of seed with good nutritional quality, proper fertilization is required [2][3][4]. The literature also showed that the planting density is an important factor deciding the yield and quality of quinoa in addition to other aspects like the difference in variety, fertilizing procedures and growing seasons [3,5,6]. Vietnam is one of the most severely impacted countries of droughts caused by climate changes [7] so the selection and implementation of a strong tolerant crop are very necessary for further development of the agriculture.…”