“…Although multiple COVID-19 vaccines are commercially available, the rate of mass vaccination is very low due to the lack of mega-scale production capability and limited supply. Also, among poor countries, an acute shortage of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines has become a significant public health issue, causing a rise in ongoing viral pandemics and the rise of multiple variants (2)(3)(4)(5). Most commercially available vaccines have been strategized to induce neutralizing antibodies against the spike region of SARS-CoV-2 to block early-stage viral infection.…”