Evaluation of Evidence for Glacio-Eustatic Control Over Marine Pennsylvanian Cyclothems in North America and Consideration of Possible Tectonic Effects

Heckel, Philip H.

doi:10.2110/csp.94.04.0065

Cited by 131 publications

(157 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…1B). Late Pennsylvanian deposition in the Midcontinent Basin was controlled by glacial-eustatic sea level rise and fall, which created repetitive and cyclic stratigraphic sequences "cyclothems" throughout the region (Heckel 1994(Heckel , 1999. The Oread is a major cyclothem and contains in ascending order, the upper portion of the Snyderville Shale, the Leavenworth Limestone, the Heebner Shale, the Plattsmouth Limestone, and the lower part of the Heumader Shale of the Oread Formation of the Shawnee Group (Heckel 1999).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative analysis of conodont tooth wear and damage as a test of ecological and functional hypotheses

Purnell¹,

Jones²

2012

Paleobiology

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Analysis of dental wear and damage is becoming an increasingly important tool in unraveling the trophic ecology of a wide range of vertebrates, and when applied to fossils it can provide evidence of both diet and feeding kinematics that is independent of morphological analysis. Conodonts have the best fossil record among vertebrates and their skeletal elements are known to exhibit surface wear and damage generated in vivo as a consequence of their function as teeth. We report the results of the first systematic survey and analysis of the frequency and extent of this wear and damage in conodonts (based on P1 elements from a range of Carboniferous genera). This has revealed that wear and damage are remarkably common, present in all conodont elements sampled. Multivariate analysis reveals that patterns of wear and damage differ significantly among different conodont taxa, and exploratory ANOVA and linear discriminant analyses show that wear and damage differ according to the position of taxa in an onshore-offshore gradient, and whether they are likely to have had a benthic or pelagic mode of life. The incidence of denticle tip spalling in particular is higher in more-offshore environments and in taxa likely to have had a pelagic mode of life. Aspects of the data also reflect the occlusal kinematics of the elements, providing a means of testing hypotheses of element function. Our results have wide-ranging implications for unlocking the fossil record of conodonts, by, for example, furnishing direct evidence of the diet-mediated processes that may have driven observed patterns of evolutionary change, and reducing the confounding effects of depth segregation when using conodonts in isotope-based paleotemperature studies.

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Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative analysis of conodont tooth wear and damage as a test of ecological and functional hypotheses

Purnell¹,

Jones²

2012

Paleobiology

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“…Transgressive marine intervals in this latter area were deposited during only the greatest inundations at the times of the warmest interglacials. Thus the Appalachian Basin was on the higher margin of the shelf adjacent to the piedmont of the orogenic highlands at this time (Heckel, 1994). These directions of transgression and regression are strongly supported by east-to-west patterns of cyclothem-associated strata.…”

Section: Cyclothem-calibrated Estimates Of the Magnitude Of The Actuamentioning

confidence: 64%

No Major Stratigraphic Gap Exists Near the Middle-Upper Pennsylvanian (Desmoinesian-Missourian) Boundary in North America

Falcon-Lang¹,

Heckel²,

DiMichele³

et al. 2011

PALAIOS

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Interregional correlation of the marine zones of major cyclothems between North America and eastern Europe does not support assertions that a major stratigraphic gap exists between the traditional regional Desmoinesian and Missourian stages in North America. Such a gap was previously proposed to explain an abrupt change in megafloral assemblages in the northern Appalachian Basin and by extension across all of North America. Conodont-based correlation from the essentially complete low-shelf Midcontinent succession (distal from the highstand shoreline), through the mid-shelf Illinois Basin, to the high shelf of the Appalachian Basin (proximal to highstand shoreline) demonstrates that all major -400 kyr cyclothem groupings in the Midcontinent are recognizable in the Illinois Basin. In the Appalachian Basin, however, the grouping at the base of the Missourian is represented only by paleosols and localized coal. The immediately preceding grouping was removed very locally by paleovalley incision, as is evident at the 7-11 Mine, Columbiana County, Ohio, from which the original megafloral data were derived. At the few localities where incised paleodrainage exists, there may be a gap of -1000 kyr, but a gap of no more than ~600 kyr occurs elsewhere in the Appalachian Basin at that level and its magnitude progressively decreases westward into the Illinois (-300 kyr) and Midcontinent (<200 kyr) Basins. Thus, while a gap is present near the Desmoinesian-Missourian boundary in North America, it is typically more than an order of magnitude smaller than that originally proposed and is similar to the gaps inferred at sequence boundaries between cyclothems at many horizons in the Pennsylvanian of North America.

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“…Anderson (1982Anderson ( , 2011 used annual laminae thickness counts to interpret Milankovitch forcing of more than 260 000 marine evaporite varves in the Late Permian (Ochoan) Castile Formation. Classical shallow marine cyclothems of the Carboniferous have been related to the c. 100 kyr and especially 405 kyr eccentricity cycles (Heckel 1986(Heckel , 1994. They have been correlated from the Donets Basin in the Ukraine to their North American counterparts, suggesting a global forcing mechanism of sea level at Milankovitch timescales (Davydov et al 2010;Martin et al 2012).…”

Section: Palaeozoicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stratigraphic continuity and fragmentary sedimentation: the success of cyclostratigraphy as part of integrated stratigraphy

Hilgen

Hinnov

Aziz³

et al. 2014

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The Milankovitch theory of climate change is widely accepted, but the registration of the climate changes in the stratigraphic record and their use in building high-resolution astronomically tuned timescales has been disputed due to the complex and fragmentary nature of the stratigraphic record. However, results of time series analysis and consistency with independent magnetobiostratigraphic and/or radio-isotopic age models show that Milankovitch cycles are recorded not only in deep marine and lacustrine successions, but also in ice cores and speleothems, and in eolian and fluvial successions. Integrated stratigraphic studies further provide evidence for continuous sedimentation at Milankovitch time scales (10 4 years up to 10 6 years). This combined approach also shows that strict application of statistical confidence limits in spectral analysis to verify astronomical forcing in climate proxy records is not fully justified and may lead to false negatives. This is in contrast to recent claims that failure to apply strict statistical standards can lead to false positives in the search for periodic signals. Finally, and contrary to the argument that

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Evaluation of Evidence for Glacio-Eustatic Control Over Marine Pennsylvanian Cyclothems in North America and Consideration of Possible Tectonic Effects

Cited by 131 publications

References 39 publications

Quantitative analysis of conodont tooth wear and damage as a test of ecological and functional hypotheses

Quantitative analysis of conodont tooth wear and damage as a test of ecological and functional hypotheses

No Major Stratigraphic Gap Exists Near the Middle-Upper Pennsylvanian (Desmoinesian-Missourian) Boundary in North America

Stratigraphic continuity and fragmentary sedimentation: the success of cyclostratigraphy as part of integrated stratigraphy

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