Evaluation of gene polymorphisms in exercise-induced oxidative stress and damage

Abstract

Many potentially significant genetic variants related to oxidative stress have been identified and performance in endurance sports is a multi-factorial phenotype. Thus, it was decided to investigate the influences of the haptoglobin (Hp), MnSOD (Val9Ala), CAT (21A/T), GPX1 (Pro198Leu), ACE, glutathione S-transferases M1 (GSTM1) and T1 (GSTT1) genes' polymorphisms on the oxidative stress and damage suffered by human athletes (runners). Blood samples taken immediately after a race were submitted to genotyping, comet and TBARS assays, biochemical analyses of creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). MnSOD significantly influenced results of CK and a possible association between Hp1F-1S and Hp1S-2 genotypes with a superior TBARS values was found. Higher or lower TBARS and CK values or DNA damage also depended on the interaction between Hp and ACE or GST genotypes, indicating that MnSOD and Hp polymorphisms can be determining factors in performance, at least for runners.

Under Increased Hydrogen Peroxide conditions, the Antioxidant Effects of Pequi Oil (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) to Decrease DNA Damage in Runners are Influenced by Sex, Age and oxidative Stress-related Genetic Polymorphisms

“…[58,59] Recently, Hp polymorphism has also been suggested as a determining factor in runners' performance. [44] In our previous studies, deviation from HWE was mainly due to higher than expected frequency of Hp1F-1F and 1S-1S contrasting with lower frequency of Hp1F-1S. [22] Hp1F-1S and 1S-2 have been associated with higher lipid peroxidation, [44] while Hp1S-1S presented significantly different results from Hp1F-1S.…”

“…[44] In our previous studies, deviation from HWE was mainly due to higher than expected frequency of Hp1F-1F and 1S-1S contrasting with lower frequency of Hp1F-1S. [22] Hp1F-1S and 1S-2 have been associated with higher lipid peroxidation, [44] while Hp1S-1S presented significantly different results from Hp1F-1S. [22] Moreover, in this study only Hp1F-1F and 1S-1S presented tolerance to increased oxidative stress after pequi-oil supplementation, while only Hp1F-2 reduced DNA damage significantly after pequi oil.…”

“…The choices of 0.25 and 1 mM were based on our previous results: peripheral blood leukocytes of untrained healthy individuals treated with 0.25 mM H 2 O 2 showed DNA damage similar to that suffered by trained athletes after running a race. [29,30,44] Physical exercise involves the entire body in terms of energy metabolism, hormonal mobilization and action, signal transduction process, immunological responses and adaptations [43] and other reports with lower or equal intervention times have also shown physiological effects, with significant changes in the biochemical markers used. [45][46][47][48] Pequi oil contains several carotenoids, [24][25][26][27] recognized as an effective antioxidant under low PO 2 conditions [2] such those undergone by various tissues and organs during races.…”

The Influence of Erythropoietin (EPO T<b>&#x2192;</b>G) and α-Actinin-3 (ACTN3 R577X) Polymorphisms on Runners' Responses to the Dietary Ingestion of Antioxidant Supplementation Based on Pequi Oil (<b><i>Caryocar brasiliense</i></b> Camb.): A Before-After Study

“…Although several candidate genes have been proposed to explain individual differences in human endurance phenotypic traits, particularly those involved in energy metabolism or cardiovascular function [10,13], muscle efficiency has been less studied in the scientific literature than these traits [10], and it is also a critical factor determining endurance performance. In this context, although cardiorespiratory fitness was not tested in our work by the conventional methods (V O 2max , V O 2 R, HR max , HRR and LT, among others), the fitness of the athletes in terms of muscle performance was established here through biochemical parameters and complies with previous reports [3,72]. Moreover, since the aerobic capacity is directly dependent on the oxygen transport by hemoglobin contained within RBCs, and levels of RBCs are tightly controlled according to the demand for oxygen [73], evaluations of the erythrogram may be a good parameter to help assess cardiorespiratory fitness, given that the availability of oxygen plays a critical role in athletic performance [73].…”

Ginger and Onion: New and Novel Considerations

“…Elevated oxidant stress linked to pro-inflammatory conditions contributes to the development of alterations in the bioavailability of vascular nitric oxide and some endothelial cell dysfunctions that can culminate in profound impairments to vascular reactivity [24]. Low density lipoproteins in plasma will be oxidized, if there is burden of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human body [25].…”