Evaluation of In vitro predictive tests for irritation and allergic sensitization

Parish, W. E.

doi:10.1016/0278-6915(86)90098-0

Cited by 28 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium difficile are pathogenic clostridia potentially associated with gastrointestinal infections and allergy in infants [ 8 ]. In the 1980s, studies reported the testing of sensitization and oral tolerance to ovalbumin and chemicals with Clostridium perfringens toxins [ 14 , 15 ], but the relationship between intestinal colonization by Clostridium perfringens and food allergies has not been previously reported. Prior studies have demonstrated that Clostridium perfringens colonization may cause a wide variety of pathological conditions ranging from asymptomatic infections to severe life-threatening septic shock, such as gas gangrene, food poisoning, necrotic enteritis, antibiotic-associated diarrhoea, bacteraemia, enterotoxaemia and severe intravascular haemolysis [ 16 – 21 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of Clostridium perfringens isolates from a tertiary children’s hospital in Guangzhou, China, establishing an association between bacterial colonization and food allergies in infants

Huang,

Liang,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Gut Pathog

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Background Cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) is one of the most common types of food allergy in infants. Faecal pathogen cultures showed that the positive rate of Clostridium perfringens was more than 30%, which was significantly higher than that for other bacteria. Therefore, it is speculated that Clostridium perfringens colonization may be one of the pathogenetic factors for CMPA in infants. We conducted a real-world evidence study. Infants aged 0–6 months with diarrhoea and mucoid and/or bloody stools were recruited from a large tertiary hospital in China. Faecal pathogen cultures for the detection of Clostridium perfringens were confirmed by flight mass spectrometry, and potential toxin genes were identified using PCR. After 12 months of follow-up, the diagnoses of CMPA and food allergy were recorded. The correlation was assessed by Pearson correlation analysis. Results In this study, 358 infants aged 0–6 months with gastrointestinal symptoms and faecal pathogen cultures were recruited. A total of 270 (44.07% girls; mean age, 2.78 ± 2.84 months) infants were followed up for 12 months. Overall, the rate of positivity for Clostridium perfringens in faecal pathogen cultures was 35.75% (128/358) in infants aged ≤ 6 months. The earliest Clostridium perfringens colonization was detected within 2 days after birth. The majority of Clostridium perfringens isolates were classified as type C in 85 stool samples. In the Clostridium perfringens-positive group, 48.21% (54/112) of infants were clinically diagnosed with food allergies after 12 months, including 37.5% (42/112) with CMPA, which was significantly higher than that of the negative group, with 7.59% (12/158) exhibiting food allergies and 5.06% (8/158) presenting CMPA (P < 0.0001). Faecal Clostridium perfringens positivity was significantly correlated with CMPA, food allergy, faecal occult blood, faecal white blood cells, antibiotic use, increased peripheral blood platelet counts, and decreased haemoglobin levels (P < 0.0001). Conclusions This study demonstrates that intestinal colonization by Clostridium perfringens is common in infants. The majority of Clostridium perfringens isolates are classified as type C. Colonization of the intestine by Clostridium perfringens is associated with the development of CMPA and food allergy in infants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of Clostridium perfringens isolates from a tertiary children’s hospital in Guangzhou, China, establishing an association between bacterial colonization and food allergies in infants

Huang,

Liang,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Gut Pathog

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“…However, the pOSEC-MGP may underestimate the irritation potential of dilutions of acids and bases. Although 10% sodium hydroxide was classified as an irritant, 1% sodium hydroxide was not (Tables (41).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methyl Green-Pyronine Staining of Porcine Organotypic Skin Explant Cultures: An Alternative Model for Screening for Skin Irritants

Jacobs¹,

Lehé²,

Cammans³

et al. 2000

Altern Lab Anim

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We describe a new alternative method for screening for skin irritants by using fresh intact porcine skin biopsies. Test chemicals were applied to the epidermis of the biopsies, which were then incubated for different times in tissue culture medium at 37°C and with 5% carbon dioxide. A decrease in epidermal keratinocyte RNA staining, visualised in frozen sections by using a modified methyl-green pyronine (MGP) staining procedure, was employed as a marker of irritancy. If a decrease in epidermal RNA was observed after incubation for 4 hours (strong irritant), the chemical had an MGP score of 3; if after incubation for 24 hours (moderate irritant), the MGP score was 2; and if after incubation for 48 hours (weak irritant), the MGP score was 1. If no keratinocyte cytotoxicity was observed after incubation for 48 hours, the chemical was classified as non-irritant (MGP score = 0). At least three ears were used per chemical. The average MGP score was used to classify the chemical. Based on the MGP score for 20% sodium dodecyl sulphate, chemicals classified as strong or moderate irritants by using the MGP test were grouped together as category R38 chemicals. Weak irritants or non-irritants were not classified (NC). The MGP staining correctly identified 23 of 25 skin irritants for which reference data were available.

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“…Several cell culture systems have been widely used to assess cellular toxicity as predictive tests for eye irritation (17). Among them, many investigators have proposed in vitro tests to predict the irritation potential of surfactants or shampoos (18)(19)(20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of surfactant cytotoxicity: comparison with the Draize eye test

Tachon

Cotovio

Dossou

et al. 1989

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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Synopsis We have compared the in vitro cellular toxicity and the in vivo ocular irritation potency of 16 surfactants (7 non ionics, 3 anionics, 2 amphoterics, 4 cationics) ranking from very weakly irritant to strongly irritant. In vitro, the cellular toxicity was estimated on Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79) using a cell mortality test and a cell growth inhibition test. For each surfactant, a lethal concentration 50% without foetal calf serum (LC.50-0) and with 10% foetal calf serum (LC50-I0), as well as the concentration required to reduce 50% of the growth (CI.50) were determined. In vivo, each surfactant was applied directly to the cornea of six albino rabbits. The maximal ocular irritation score (I0 max) and the ocular irritation score obtained seven days later (I0 J7) were collected. Comparison of in vitro results with those obtained in vivo showed good correlations, particularly when I0 max and the difference (LC.50-10 - LC50-0) were considered (r= 0.845, P<0.001). These results suggest that the use of cell culture tests as pre-screening systems to appreciate eye irritation potency of surfactants could be a reliable alternative method in order to reduce the use of the Draize rabbit eye test. They can provide a better knowledge of the irritative process induced by surfactants (cellular toxicity and protein interaction potency).

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Evaluation of In vitro predictive tests for irritation and allergic sensitization

Cited by 28 publications

References 56 publications

Molecular characterization of Clostridium perfringens isolates from a tertiary children’s hospital in Guangzhou, China, establishing an association between bacterial colonization and food allergies in infants

Molecular characterization of Clostridium perfringens isolates from a tertiary children’s hospital in Guangzhou, China, establishing an association between bacterial colonization and food allergies in infants

Methyl Green-Pyronine Staining of Porcine Organotypic Skin Explant Cultures: An Alternative Model for Screening for Skin Irritants

Assessment of surfactant cytotoxicity: comparison with the Draize eye test

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