Evaluation of lead and cadmium levels in lipsticks sold in Kathmandu, Nepal, and their potential health risk assessment

Aryal, Salina; Bashyal, Narayan Sharma; Gautam, Surendra Kumar; Pokhrel, Megh Raj; Poudel, Bhoj Raj

doi:10.3126/ijasbt.v9i3.38834

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…25,26 The health risk assessment was evaluated using the average daily intake for exposure dose through dermal contact (ADI D ) and hazard quotient (HQ) based on the concentrations of heavy metals detected in cosmetic products. 27,28 The ADI D was estimated for all samples using equation (1)…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 For example, low concentrations of Pb can act as a selective blocker of voltage-dependent calcium channels and can also decrease re-absorption of small organic molecules on renal mitochondria. 27 The health risk assessment of the cosmetic products investigated are presented in Table 3. HQ values of greater than one corresponding to Pb were calculated for all 14 products which indicated potential adverse health effects to users of the products.…”

Section: Health Risk Assessment Of Tested Cosmetic Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Assessment of level of heavy metals in cosmetics

Dinake

Motswetla

Kereeditse

et al. 2023

Toxicology Research and Application

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Toxic metals in cosmetic products can lead to serious health problems among consumers. Skin lightening cosmetics are popular among women who may be unaware of prevalence of toxic metals in such products. Purpose: This study assessed the content of toxic metals in cosmetic products imported into Botswana. There are currently no regulations in Botswana governing maximum contaminants limits for contaminants such as metal ions in cosmetic products. Research Design: Sample analysis was carried out using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry after microwave-assisted acid sample digestion. Results: Total concentrations of metals were in the order Pb > Ni > Cr > As. The concentrations of metals analysed were in the range of 45.75–193.60; 2.99–9.50; 3.32–7.41 and 1.95–4.52 mg/kg for Pb, Ni, Cr and As respectively. The concentrations of Pb in all 14 samples exceeded the maximum impurity level of 10 mg/kg in cosmetics as per the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA). Concentrations of Ni, As and Cr were also higher than the set US FDA limits in some cosmetic samples under study. A human health risk assessment was conducted using hazard quotient, average daily intake and health risk index. A hazard quotient of greater than one was determined for Pb (HQ ∼ 177.0–749.2) in all 14 cosmetic samples investigated indicating potential adverse effects to human health. Conclusion: Overall results of total concentration and health risk assessment indicate that cosmetic products imported into Botswana are harmful to consumers. Therefore, quality control measures should be enforced to ensure metal concentrations in facial cosmetic products do not exceed regulatory limits.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Health Risk Assessment Of Tested Cosmetic Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Assessment of level of heavy metals in cosmetics

Dinake

Motswetla

Kereeditse

et al. 2023

Toxicology Research and Application

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Food Safety in Developing Countries: Common Foodborne and Waterborne Illnesses, Regulations, Organizational Structure, and Challenges of Food Safety in the Context of Nepal

Subedi,

Paudel,

Poudel

et al. 2024

Food Frontiers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Food safety presents a global challenge, contributing to 600 million cases of foodborne diseases and 420,000 fatalities annually worldwide. In developing countries, such as Nepal, addressing food safety is particularly intricate and arduous because of the prevalent issues of food insecurity, poverty, illiteracy, and regulatory hurdles. The objectives of this comprehensive review are to evaluate the prevalent foodborne and waterborne illnesses, examine the existing regulations and institutional frameworks, and identify the challenges associated with food safety in Nepal. Additionally, this review aims to propose strategies to enhance food safety measures in the country. An electronic search was conducted using relevant keywords to include articles and literature pertinent to the topic. Common foodborne illnesses in Nepal include cholera, typhoid fever, hepatitis, worm infections, and poisoning from mushrooms, heavy metals, and pesticides. While existing rules, regulations, and government infrastructure exist, they often face limitations in effectively addressing these multifaceted challenges. Food safety in developing countries, such as Nepal, faces several challenges, including inadequate regulatory frameworks, limited surveillance and monitoring, rural–urban disparities, and high incidences of foodborne illness. Additional issues stem from weak law enforcement, poor food safety practices, limited infrastructure, informal sector challenges, cross‐border trade, limited access to clean water, and the impacts of climate change. A multisectoral One Health approach involving collaboration among government agencies, food industry stakeholders, consumers, and civil society organizations is imperative to enhance food safety in developing countries such as Nepal.

show abstract