“…The representative materials include granular materials, chemically stabilized materials, cement concrete and recycled materials, including reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), recycled construction and demolition waste, reclaimed concrete aggregate and so on. A large number of experiment-based material studies conducted by researchers (Mohammad et al, 2000;Camargo, 2008;Solanki et al, 2009;Cetin et al, 2010;Leite et al 2011;Bilodeau & Doré, 2012;Jiang & Fan, 2013;Arulrajah et al, 2015;Bestgen et al, 2016;Miao et al, 2016;Arshad, 2018;Li et al, 2019;Ji et al, 2019;Romeo et al, 2019;Bassim & Issa, 2020) during the last years have shown the all materials mentioned above demonstrate different mechanical properties in pavement structure, including the modulus which is usually employed to represent the stiffness of material, in particular. As a result of these developments, the distribution range of modulus for four kinds of typical materials used to construct the base layer is summarized as shown in Figure 1.…”