Evaluation of maxillary sinus in health and disease through CBCT imaging: A literature review

Abstract

The largest paranasal sinus in the skull is the maxillary sinus (MS) which begins on the side of the nose and extends all the way to the zygomatic process of the maxilla. The shape is pyramidal. Alveolar pneumatization, hypoplasia, antral septa, abnormal mucosal thickening, maxillary sinus hypoplasia (MSH) and exostosis are all possible anatomical variants. Any thorough mediation at the posterior region of the mouth must be performed by a specialist with extensive training in the anatomy and physiology of the maxillary sinuses. The maxillary sinuses are essential anatomical structures in dentistry, thus it's crucial to have a precise radiological evaluation of them. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is considered as the standard imaging methods used in the evaluation of facial sinuses because they allow the visualization of three-dimensional (3D) images without distortions and superimpositions. We present a literature review to determine the anatomical and morphological variations which are important to know to adjust the treatment plan to yield more successful treatment using CBCT.