Evaluation of multiple serum markers in advanced melanoma

Abstract

The aim of this retrospective study was to analyse in advanced melanoma the potential tumor markers S-100B, melanoma inhibiting activity protein (MIA) and YKL-40 compared to LDH. Serum levels of S-100B, MIA, LDH and YKL-40 were measured in 110 patients with advanced melanoma (36 in stage IIIB/C and 74 in stage IV), in 66 disease-free patients and in 65 healthy controls. Results show that S-100B, MIA and LDH levels were significantly higher in patients with advanced melanoma than in disease-free patients or healthy controls. The combination of S-100B plus MIA had the best diagnostic sensitivity, and the addition of LDH did not further increase this sensitivity. MIA was an independent prognostic factor of overall survival. Patients with both S-100B and MIA elevated had a significant shorter survival than those with both S-100B and MIA under the cut-off. YKL-40 levels did not differentiate patients with advanced melanoma from controls. We concluded that the combination of MIA plus S-100B showed a better prognostic value in advanced melanoma compared to LDH.

Quantitative Cell-Free Circulating BRAFV600E Mutation Analysis by Use of Droplet Digital PCR in the Follow-up of Patients with Melanoma Being Treated with BRAF Inhibitors

“…In contrast, BRAF mutations detected in tumor tissue do not correlate with disease outcome (31 ). Other circulating tumor markers, such as LDH, MIA, and S100B, have been proposed to be of use in the follow-up of the patients (22,23 ), and these 3 tumor markers also correlated with cfBRAF V600E at baseline. Additionally, because this DNA mutation is a requisite for therapy with iBRAF, its analysis in blood could be of value as a surrogate of tumor burden during the treatment of melanoma BRAF V600E patients.…”

“…There is an unmet need for biomarkers for measuring the tumor burden in melanoma with high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity as a proper surrogate of tumor response (22,23 ). The aims of the present work were to analyze the changes in the concentrations of cfBRAF V600E in blood by ddPCR in patients with advanced melanoma being treated with iBRAF and to correlate the changes with the clinical evolution of the disease.…”

Pattern of S100-release in benign and malignant diseases beside malignant melanoma/Freisetzung von S100 bei benignen und malignen Erkrankungen jenseits des malignen Melanoms

“…Also in stages IIb and III melanoma patients, S100 was of high prognostic value [19,37] . In stage IV, S100 strongly correlated with LDH [36] and had superior prognostic value than LDH in multiple settings [7,16,22,23] . The clinical relevance of S100 as a prognostic marker in melanoma patients independent from TNM stage was confirmed by a recent meta-analysis on more than 3000 patients [18] , which emphasized its prognostic role particularly for stage I -III patients.…”

“…Furthermore, it is an independent predictive and prognostic marker and is recommended for progression detection in advanced stages and for the monitoring of systemic therapies in patients with and without distant metastases [1, 2, 12 -21] . Thereby, S100B has been shown to have superior prognostic information than lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) [7,16,22,23] and to be additive to melanoma inhibitory antigen (MIA) [7,24] . In addition, S100 in serum and cerebrospinal fluid is valuable for the diagnosis and follow-up of neurodestructive and neurodegenerative diseases, such as cerebral trauma, ischemia and infection, in cases of hypoxic lesions after cardiac arrest or inverventions with cardiopulmonary bypass.…”

Systemic BRAF/MEK Inhibitors as a Potential Treatment Option in Metastatic Conjunctival Melanoma

“…In UM, however, S100 expression has been shown to be significantly lower than in CM. Furthermore, serum levels of S100 can also serve as a prognostic marker in skin melanoma [27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36]. Other pigment markers that have been assessed with regard to their labeling of skin melanoma, CM, or UM are tyrosinase, p75 NTR (p75 neurotrophin receptor), HMB (human melanoma black)-45, HMB-50, melan-A, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor [34,36].…”