“…[ 7 ]). At present, as thermal insulation or reinforcement materials in sub-ballast or sub-base layers can be used various polymer materials e.g., expanded polystyrene (EPS) [ 8 ], polyurethane [ 9 ], extruded polystyrene (styrodur) [ 10 , 11 , 12 ], artificial aggregates, liapor with foam glass [ 13 , 14 ], and geosynthetic materials (geogrids, geo-mattresses) [ 15 , 16 ]. The expanded polystyrene (EPS) in contact with subsoil is also used as isolation under (shallow) foundation [ 17 , 18 ] and under road pavement foundation [ 19 ].…”