Evaluation of olfactory bulbus volume and olfactory sulcus depth by 3 T MR

Çullu, Neşat; Yeniçeri, İbrahim Önder; Güney, Bünyamin; Özdemir, Murat; Kosar, Ilkay

doi:10.1007/s00276-020-02484-w

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In contrast, Miao et al ( 2015 ) reported that older patients had smaller OB volume; however, the result cannot be concluded due to TBI or natural ageing. There is a correlation between OB volume and age in healthy participants, although this is not particularly strong (Çullu et al 2020 ; Kondo et al 2020 ). However, for patients with olfactory dysfunction, the correlation between OB volume and age is challenging to evaluate due to the underlying olfactory loss.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of olfactory-related brain structural changes in patients with congenital or acquired anosmia

et al. 2021

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Brain structural features of healthy individuals are associated with olfactory functions. However, due to the pathophysiological differences, congenital and acquired anosmia may exhibit different structural characteristics. A systematic review was undertaken to compare brain structural features between patients with congenital and acquired anosmia. A systematic search was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus electronic databases to identify eligible reports on anosmia and structural changes and reported according to PRISMA guidelines. Reports were extracted for information on demographics, psychophysical evaluation, and structural changes. Then, the report was systematically reviewed based on various aetiologies of anosmia in relation to (1) olfactory bulb, (2) olfactory sulcus, (3) grey matter (GM), and white matter (WM) changes. Twenty-eight published studies were identified. All studies reported consistent findings with strong associations between olfactory bulb volume and olfactory function across etiologies. However, the association of olfactory function with olfactory sulcus depth was inconsistent. The present study observed morphological variations in GM and WM volume in congenital and acquired anosmia. In acquired anosmia, reduced olfactory function is associated with reduced volumes and thickness involving the gyrus rectus, medial orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and cerebellum. These findings contrast to those observed in congenital anosmia, where a reduced olfactory function is associated with a larger volume and higher thickness in parts of the olfactory network, including the piriform cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and insula. The present review proposes that the structural characteristics in congenital and acquired anosmia are altered differently. The mechanisms behind these changes are likely to be multifactorial and involve the interaction with the environment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00429-021-02397-3.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of olfactory-related brain structural changes in patients with congenital or acquired anosmia

et al. 2021

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“…Additionally, it can provide a tool to differentiate with limitations between infectious and neurodegenerative conditions and predict the prognosis [ 18 ]. Due to the promising potential of imaging technologies in OD cases which have been implemented in such disorders as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s, and Alzheimer’s disease [ 19 – 21 ], and the recent advances in the imaging techniques like MR surface-coil scans in the evaluation of olfactory bulb and tract injuries [ 22 ], we aimed to aggregate the results of the studies which conducted imaging on COVID-19 cases to evaluate the impact on the olfactory system. By doing so, we hoped to draw possible conclusions that could elucidate the underlying mechanism of OD in these patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory system measurements in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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Purpose The neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2 and the consequential damage to the olfactory system have been proposed as one of the possible underlying causes of olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19. We aimed to aggregate the results of the studies which reported imaging of the olfactory system of patients with COVID-19 versus controls. Methods PubMed and EMBASE were searched to identify relevant literature reporting the structural imaging characteristics of the olfactory bulb (OB), olfactory cleft, olfactory sulcus (OS), or olfactory tract in COVID-19 patients. Hedge’s g and weighted mean difference were used as a measure of effect size. Quality assessment, subgroup analyses, meta-regression, and sensitivity analysis were also conducted. Results Ten studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, out of which seven studies with 183 cases with COVID-19 and 308 controls without COVID-19 were enrolled in the quantitative synthesis. No significant differences were detected in analyses of right OB volume and left OB volume. Likewise, right OS depth and left OS depth were also not significantly different in COVID-19 cases compared to non-COVID-19 controls. Also, we performed subgroup analysis, meta-regression, and sensitivity analysis to investigate the potential effect of confounding moderators. Conclusion The findings of this review did not confirm alterations in structural imaging of the olfactory system, including OB volume and OS depth by Covid-19 which is consistent with the results of recent histopathological evaluations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00234-022-03014-8.

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“…Many diseases, including Parkinson, Behcet, and Alzheimer are associated with decreased OSD and reduction of the sense of smell. 18 Many later studies have shown MR imaging to be a reliable method for evaluating the olfactory system. 19,20 MR imaging-based evaluations of the olfactory structures are a useful anatomic imaging method for evaluating OD associated with a variety of causes, including viral infection, trauma, and neurodegenerative processes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Quantitative Analysis of the Olfactory System in COVID-19: An MR Imaging Study

Altunışık¹,

Baykan

Şahin

et al. 2021

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Anosmia or hyposmia, often accompanied by changes in taste, is recognized as a common symptom that can assist in the diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 . The pathogenesis of olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19is not yet fully understood. MR imaging represents a useful anatomic imaging method for the evaluation of olfactory dysfunction associated with varying etiologies, including viral infection, trauma, and neurodegenerative processes. This case-control study was conducted to compare quantitative measurements of olfactory anatomic structures between patients diagnosed with COVID-19 associated with persistent olfactory dysfunction and healthy controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS:This study has a retrospective design. Cranial MR imaging was performed on all participants in both the patient and control groups. The bilateral olfactory bulb volume, olfactory tract length, and olfactory sulcus depth were measured in all patients.RESULTS: A total of 116 people aged 18-60 years, including 36 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and 80 controls, were included in the study. All measured values were compared between the patient and control groups. The right, left, and total olfactory bulb volume values were significantly lower in the patient group than in the control group. The patient group also had significantly lower right and left olfactory sulcus depth and olfactory tract length values compared with those in the control group.CONCLUSIONS: MR imaging findings can be used to demonstrate olfactory injury in patients with COVID-19. The olfactory pathway may represent an alternative route for virus entry into the central nervous system.

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Evaluation of olfactory bulbus volume and olfactory sulcus depth by 3 T MR

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

A systematic review of olfactory-related brain structural changes in patients with congenital or acquired anosmia

A systematic review of olfactory-related brain structural changes in patients with congenital or acquired anosmia

Olfactory system measurements in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Quantitative Analysis of the Olfactory System in COVID-19: An MR Imaging Study

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