Evaluation of Paxillin Expression in Epithelial Dysplasia, Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Lichen Planus with and without Dysplasia, and Hyperkeratosis: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Paxillin is a cytoskeletal protein involved in the pathogenesis of several types of cancers. However, the roles of paxillin in epithelial dysplasia (ED), oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), oral lichen planus with dysplasia (OLPD), hyperkeratosis (HK), and oral lichen planus (OLP) have remained unnoticed in the literature. This study aimed to evaluate its attainable functions in the pathogenesis and malignant transformation of potentially malignant oral epithelium and benign lesions. Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, paxillin expression was investigated in 99 tissue samples, including 18 cases of OSCC, 21 ED, 23 OLP, 21 OLPD, and 16 cases of HK. The tissue sections also underwent immunohistochemical paxillin staining using 3,3-diaminobenzidine (DAB) chromogen. The intensity, location, and percentage of staining were examined across all groups. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk test, ANOVA, Pearson chi-square, Kruskal–Wallis, and Dunn’s post hoc test. Results: The cytoplasmic percentage and intensity staining of Paxillin expression were evident in the central/suprabasal and basal/peripheral layers of all the obtained samples. The final staining score was significantly higher in OSCC and dysplasia compared to HK and OLP (p = 0.004). It was found that paxillin expression is associated with the grade of dysplastic samples (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The present study provides evidence that paxillin may be involved in the pathogenesis of OSCC and the development and progression of dysplastic tissue, since the paxillin expression was higher than that of HK and OLP.

MALAT1 mediates miR-206/CDC42/PAK1/Paxillin signaling axis to alleviate erectile dysfunction in rats

“…34 Meanwhile, several studies have indicated that Paxillin is involved in the regulation of endothelial cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis. 35,36 Overexpression of CDC42 in BM-MSCs cells detected the expression of intracellular PAK1. We found that the expression of PAK1 was significantly elevated in cells overexpressing CDC42 compared to cells transfected with si-MALAT1.…”

LncRNA MALAT1 facilitates BM-MSCs differentiation into endothelial cells and ameliorates erectile dysfunction via the miR-206/CDC42/PAK1/paxillin signalling axis

“…P21-activated kinase-1 (PAK1) is an important effector protein of CDC42 and is closely related to cell motility [ 41 ]. Several studies have indicated that paxillin is involved in the regulation of endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis [ 42 , 43 ]. In the present study, PAK1 expression was significantly elevated in cells with simultaneous overexpression of CDC42 and inhibition of MALAT1 compared to cells with only MALAT1 inhibition.…”

Evaluation of BIRC6 Expression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Epithelial Dysplasia, Lichen Planus with and without Dysplasia, and Hyperkeratosis

“…Oral health plays a significant role in maintaining general health [1,2]. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the prevailing malignant tumor among all types of squamous cell carcinomas that occur in the head and neck region [3], ranking 18th globally in 2018 [4,5]. OSCC is known for its propensity to recur, metastasize, and invade local tissues [6].…”