Evaluation of Plasma Selenium Level and its Association with Malnutrition in Hemodialysis Patients in Golestan Province, Iran

Abstract

Introduction: Selenium (Se) is a rare element with well-demonstrated anti-oxidative effects that acts as an enzyme co-factor in physiological interactions. Low plasma Se level and malnutrition in hemodialysis (HD) patients could increase the risk of morbidity and mortality among these patients. Moreover, Se deficiency leads to oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association of plasma Se levels with malnutrition and inflammatory markers in HD patients. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 88 patients undergoing routine HD at dialysis unit of 5 th Azar Hospital in Gorgan, northeastern Iran. In addition, 88 healthy individuals were selected from the patients' families as controls. Level of Se, C-reactive protein (CRP), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG) and albumin were measured in the patients and controls by the atomic absorption method. Se levels were categorized into two groups of "over half-normalized" and "under half-normalized" for further analysis. Results: Hyposeleniemia was found in two patients (2.3%). The mean level of Se in HD patients was lower than in the healthy controls (P< 0.001). Among all HD subjects, 30.3% had under half-normalized Se level. In addition, 79.5% of HD patients were well nourished and 20.5% were moderately malnourished. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean level of Se in the malnourished and well-nourished subjects. Total mean level of HDL, LDL, TG and CRP had not significant correlation with plasma Se levels. There was a significant positive correlation between the mean plasma albumin and Se levels in the HD patients (P<0.05). Conclusions: The mean plasma Se level of HD patients in this area is in the normal range. There is no association between plasma Se level and malnutrition. Based on our findings, hyposelenemia is not a problem in HD patients in the Golestan Province.

Effect of Selenium on Triglyceride and Total Cholesterol, Weight Gain, and Physical Activity on Hemodialysis Patients

“…We included patients older than 18 years, patients with low serum selenium levels and also patients who had been under hemodialysis for more than 6 months. [ 25 ] Our exclusion criteria were: having hepatitis B or C, normal selenium levels, being under treatments with corticosteroids or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 2 months prior to the study and having skeletal deformities which could affect the patient's ability to perform sit to stand test. [ 25 ]…”

“…[ 25 ] Our exclusion criteria were: having hepatitis B or C, normal selenium levels, being under treatments with corticosteroids or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 2 months prior to the study and having skeletal deformities which could affect the patient's ability to perform sit to stand test. [ 25 ]…”

Plasma Levels of Selenium (SE) and Glutathion Peroxydase (GSH-PX) and their Relationship to Supplementation of Selenium in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) on Hemodialysis (HD)

“…In general, fruits and vegetables contain low Se levels, however, depending on Se bioavailability cereals may constitute an important source of Se [11][12]. It is well-known that Brazil nuts are very rich in selenium and only a few nuts a day would provide the necessary amount of selenium in deficiency, but they also contain too much phosphate, which makes them unsuitable for dialysis patients [12][13][14]. However, it has been indicated that Se deficiency might occur in HD The presence of oxidative stress, which is manifested by an excess of oxidative radicals and decreased levels of antioxidants, has been demonstrated in dialysis patients [3,8,15,17].…”

Kadar Serum Selenium Pada Remaja Akhir Usia 17-19 Tahun Berdasarkan Status Obesitas dan Stunting

“…Kadar serum selenium pada kelompok stuntedobesity berada paling rendah dibanding kelompok lain. Hal ini dapat disebabkan oleh adanya peningkatan inflamasi maupun penurunan kapasitas antioksidan seperti vitamin C, vitamin E, dan selenium 30 . Penurunan kapasitas antioksidan dapat disebabkan oleh rendahnya asupan zat gizi yang terkait dimana pada kelompok stunted-obesity, kecukupan asupan beberapa zat gizi berada paling rendah dibanding kelompok lain.…”