Evaluation of pyroligneous acid as a therapeutic agent against Salmonella in a simulated gastrointestinal tract of poultry

Abstract

Pyroligneous acid (PA) was evaluated as a potential alternative to therapeutic antibiotics in poultry. Antimicrobial activity of PA was studied at acidic pH (2.0) and neutral pH (7.0) of the liquid against Salmonella enterica and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Acidic PA gave a MIC value of 0.8% (v/v) and 1.6% (v/v), and neutralized PA gave a MIC value of 1.6% (v/v) and 3.2% (v/v) against S. enterica and L. acidophilus respectively. Acidic PA was evaluated at different concentrations in a simulated poultry digestive tract and cecal fermentation to study its effect on the cecal microflora and fermentation profile. PA at a concentration of 1.6% (v/v) completely inhibited S. enterica and was also found to have a similar effect on lactobacilli count as compared with the control (p = 0.17). Additionally, PA at this concentration was found not to have a significant effect on acetic acid production after 24 h of cecal fermentation (p = 0.20).

Pyroligneous acid from Mimosa tenuiflora and Eucalyptus urograndis as an antimicrobial in dairy goats

“…2016), possess antimicrobial properties, and likely act on the microbiota of the teat to inactivate bacterial enzymes and disrupt cell membranes (Suresh et al . 2020).…”

“…2019; Suresh et al . 2020). These characteristics enable the occurrence of synergistic effects that result in less bacterial resistance compared to that caused by the use of chemicals, such as 2% iodine (Suresh et al .…”

“…Based on this, phenols, esters and acetic acids are all related to antimicrobial activity (Grewal et al 2018). From these observations, it is evident that PAs with a high percentage of acidity, high concentrations of carbonyl compounds, and a low pH exhibit better results as antimicrobials (Mattos et al 2019;Suresh et al 2020). These characteristics enable the occurrence of synergistic effects that result in less bacterial resistance compared to that caused by the use of chemicals, such as 2% iodine (Suresh et al 2019).…”

“…The improved response elicited from PA from M. tenuiflora is likely due to the greater number of phenolic compounds, such as 2-methoxyphenol (guaiacol) and 2,6-dimethoxy-phenol (syringol) in this PA, which are derived from the degradation of lignin that is present in greater quantities in M. tenuiflora wood (Medeiros et al 2019). These phenolic compounds, including 4ethyl-2-methoxyphenol and 4-propyl-2-methoxyphenols (Mahmud et al 2016), possess antimicrobial properties, and likely act on the microbiota of the teat to inactivate bacterial enzymes and disrupt cell membranes (Suresh et al 2020).…”

Potential use of wood pyrolysis coproducts: A review

“…132 Many value-added chemicals such as syringol, ketones, acetol, catechol, levoglucosan, alcohols, and acids can also be obtained from PA. 133 In veterinary and animal production, PA has also been used as a supplement in animals feeding to inhibit growth of enteropathogenic microbes 51 ; to improve digestibility and nutrient absorption 134 ; to promote beneficial effect on the intestinal microbial population. 135 Rattanawut et al 136 observed that a level of 0.4% PA when added to laying duck diet in addition to inhibiting the growth of fecal E. coli, enhanced also productive performance of egg laying ducks. In pig creation, PA facilitates composting of pig manure to reduce NH 3 emissions.…”