Evaluation of reactive Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) in Iranian patient with different subtypes of multiple sclerosis (MS)

Ramroodi, Nourollah; Niazi, Abbas Ali; Sanadgol, Nima; Ganjali, Zohre; Sarabandi, Vida

doi:10.1016/j.bjid.2012.09.008

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Samples were required to have A260/ 280 ratios above 2.0 and A260/230 ratios above 1.8. Quantified RNA was stored at À80 C until cDNA synthesis and PCR assay (Ramroodi et al, 2013;Sanadgol et al, 2011).…”

Section: Rna Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Prophylactic Effect of BIO-1211 Small-Molecule Antagonist of VLA-4 in the EAE Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis

Ramroodi

Khani

Ganjali

et al. 2015

Immunological Investigations

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Section: Rna Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Prophylactic Effect of BIO-1211 Small-Molecule Antagonist of VLA-4 in the EAE Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis

Ramroodi

Khani

Ganjali

et al. 2015

Immunological Investigations

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“…However, in the Iranian population, previous studies have been conflicting-with one study showing higher seropositivity and antibody titres in MS patients as compared to controls [9] and another investigation reporting no difference [3]. In our study, we found all MS patients to be seropositive for EBV as compared to 82 % of healthy controls.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

Serostatus of Epstein–Barr virus in Iranian MS patients

et al. 2015

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common, complex disorder. Associations of MS with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in Caucasian populations are well documented. However, in the Iranian population, previous studies have been conflicting. Sixty patients with MS and 50 healthy controls were tested for anti-EBV antibodies using chemiluminescent assays. All MS patients to be seropositive for EBV as compared to 82 % of controls (p = 0.0006). A strong, significant association of MS with EBV infection was documented, similar to studies in first world populations. Future studies should investigate the temporal sequence of infection to try to understand the cause of the recent increase in MS risk in Iran.

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“…Antibody levels against EBV were compared between 46 RRMS, 11 SPMS, and 21 PPMS patients in Iran [ 18 ]. All cases were prevalent, and disease duration at sample collection was not reported.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors Associated with the Onset of Relapsing-Remitting and Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review

McKay

Kwan

Duggan

et al. 2015

BioMed Research International

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic central nervous system disease with a highly heterogeneous course. The aetiology of MS is not well understood but is likely a combination of both genetic and environmental factors. Approximately 85% of patients present with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), while 10–15% present with primary progressive MS (PPMS). PPMS is associated with an older onset age, a different sex ratio, and a considerably more rapid disease progression relative to RRMS. We systematically reviewed the literature to identify modifiable risk factors that may be associated with these different clinical courses. We performed a search of six databases and integrated twenty observational studies into a descriptive review. Exposure to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) appeared to increase the risk of RRMS, but its association with PPMS was less clear. Other infections, such as human herpesvirus-6 and chlamydia pneumoniae, were not consistently associated with a specific disease course nor was cigarette smoking. Despite the vast literature examining risk factors for the development of MS, relatively few studies reported findings by disease course. This review exposes a gap in our understanding of the risk factors associated with the onset of PPMS, our current knowledge being predominated by relapsing-onset MS.

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Evaluation of reactive Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) in Iranian patient with different subtypes of multiple sclerosis (MS)

Abstract: These findings provide further support for the detrimental effects of Epstein-Barr virus in the reactivation of multiple sclerosis attacks.

Cited by 15 publications

References 40 publications

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Prophylactic Effect of BIO-1211 Small-Molecule Antagonist of VLA-4 in the EAE Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Prophylactic Effect of BIO-1211 Small-Molecule Antagonist of VLA-4 in the EAE Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis

Serostatus of Epstein–Barr virus in Iranian MS patients

Risk Factors Associated with the Onset of Relapsing-Remitting and Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review

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