Evaluation of rye specimens in maturity stage on the basis of mathematical – statistical analysis

Abstract

Editors and Sections Genetics and Breeding Atanas Atanasov (Bulgaria)Svetlana IntroductionRye belongs to Poaceae family, Pooideae subfamily, Secale genus (Kiryakov, 1999). The significance of rye in Bulgarian agriculture is not appreciated properly and its resources are not used. This crop is cultivated more successfully than wheat in the low mountain regions, in more acid soils. Rye has good self-endurance and keeps down the weeds strongly.Various plant resources are used as initial materials in the selection of the cultural plants: old and new varieties, populations, different forms and types of a given specimen, etc. They are carefully selected, maintained and preserved. Therefore, gene banks (like the Institute of Plant Genetic Resources in Sadovo) are of great importance for preserving the plant genetic resources, as well as for protecting the specimens threatened by extinction. The rye collection in IPGR -Sadovo ranks fourth in Europe. According to Knüpffer (2011), the Bulgarian collection ranks seventh in the world. The national basic rye collection includes around 1300 specimens and it is placed after the collections of Russia, Poland, Germany, the USA and Canada.The contemporary selection is directed to creating economically advantageous varieties. The initial material is necessary to be of a wide genetic base. The constant expansion of the existent collections, as well as the accumulation, addition and systematizing of the received data help for higher effectiveness of the selective-improving activity. Rye Millenium variety is created on the basis of an inter-population changeability of a set of qualitative characteristics (Аntonova, 2003;Mangova and Antonova, 2003). Such evaluation has been made for rye specimens in the phase of ear formation in the study (Kuneva and Valchinova, 2016).The current study aims to evaluate comprehensively the rye collection and the possibilities for the specimen usage in selection on the basis of mathematical approaches. Material and methodsThe scientific research was conducted in the period [2009][2010][2011][2012] in the experimental field of IPGR -Sadovo on cinnamon-forest soils with examined 54 specimens collected, of which 16 specimens collected from expeditions around the country and 38 specimens collected from abroad ( Figure 1). The Bulgarian rye variety Millenium was used as a standard (a current standard in IASAS). Danae variety was used as a former 30-year-old standard for the country. 21* e-mail: kuneva@au-plovdiv.bg The experiment was set in a block method at 1.2 m area under review, in three repetitions. The sowing norm was calculated at 500 2 horse power/m . In maturity phase 10 specimens were marked in advance and were measured in three repetitions. Evaluation of the impact of the examined specimens was made on the basis of the following biometrical indicators: ear length (cm); awn length (cm); tillering -productive and non-productive tillering; plant weight (g); ears weight (g); weight of the main ear (g); mass of the main ear`s grain (g); number of spike...