Evaluation of the Cost-Effectiveness of Various Passive Monitors and Active Monitors for Industrial Hygiene Sampling

Nothstein, Greg L.; Hahne, Rolf M. A.; Spence, Mark W.

doi:10.1202/0002-8894(2000)061<0064:eotcov>2.0.co;2

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…It also has to be cheap, to make it possible to do large studies where sampling simultaneously in many different locations or over a geographical area is wanted. 78 An important feature for a PAS as a personal monitor is that they should be convenient for the subject to wear. The device should be small and light, and it is important that it does not affect the worker (subject) during his/her work.…”

Section: Active/passive Sampler Comparisons and Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational and indoor air exposure to persistent organic pollutants: A review of passive sampling techniques and needs

2007

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Exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and related compounds such as PCBs, brominated flame retardants, organochlorine pesticides and PAHs is regarded as an important environmental risk factor for humans. Recently concerns about POPs resulted in the international protocol called the Stockholm Convention on POPs. Air quality standards (indoor, outdoor and occupational) for PAHs and other POPs will also be applied in the EU in the future. This will bring requirements for monitoring, to check for compliance and to reduce human exposures to POPs. This can occur from point sources and in various microenvironments, indoors, outdoors and in workplaces. Monitoring can be undertaken either by an active (pumped) method or using a passive (diffusive) air sampling (PAS) device. To date, PAS for POPs have mainly been used as integrating (long-term) samplers for ambient (outdoor) air. However, there are several reasons to develop PAS for monitoring of POPs in occupational and indoor environments. We discuss the potential advantages, limitations and developments needed, so that PAS can be used reliably and routinely indoors and in occupational settings for POPs.

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Section: Active/passive Sampler Comparisons and Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational and indoor air exposure to persistent organic pollutants: A review of passive sampling techniques and needs

2007

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“…The gas-chromatographic separation and the GC-programmes are described by Liljelind et al 12,13 For all compounds reference standards were prepared by injecting the analyte dissolved in methanol onto conditioned adsorbent tubes under a flow of helium. A mixture of (¡)-a-pinene, (1S)-(-)-b-pinene and (1)-D 3 -carene (ratio 10 : 1 : 5) dissolved in methanol was used to prepare reference standards for quantification of terpenes. Chromosorb 106 has previously been found to be the most suitable adsorbent for sampling and subsequent thermal desorption determination of benzene.…”

Section: Experimental Air Sampling and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 In a recent study Nothstein et al compared the costs-effectiveness, as a function of the number of annual samplers, for five passive samplers and one active sampler (charcoal tube with a pump). 3 Including validation costs, sampling equipment costs and labour costs, the calculations indicated that in general the unit cost was lower for a passive sampler than for an active sampler. If the passive sampler is thermally desorbed and thereby can be reused, as with the Perkin Elmer tube, the price per analysis is even lower.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive sampling in combination with thermal desorption and gas chromatography as a tool for self-assessment of chemical exposure

et al. 2002

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Diffusive samplers for monitoring of air quality are user-friendly devices that can normally be operated by the user himself. Hence these samplers are suitable for self-assessment. Practical and work organisational aspects of self-assessment of chemical exposure were studied in different occupational settings. It was found that the diffusive sampler used in these studies, the Perkin-Elmer tube in combination with thermal desorption, worked well for the purpose and could be correctly handled by the individuals using it. The results from self-assessments agreed well with expert measurements carried out by an occupational hygienist. However, in order to obtain a sustainable system of self-assessment strong organizational support is needed.

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“…The cost of obtaining samples with the expertise of industrial hygienists can therefore be high considering the time required and the operational costs. A cost-effective and simpler alternative to active sampling is passive sampling, [4] which is also less disturbing for the worker. Passive sampling does not rely on a pump and requires no power supply; it uses gravity and diffusion to collect particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive personal air sampling of dust in a working environment—A pilot study

Shirdel

Bergdahl

Andersson

et al. 2019

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene

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The aim of this study was to make a preliminary evaluation of the University of North Carolina passive aerosol sampler (UNC sampler) for personal air sampling of particles. Nine personal air samplings of respirable fraction were conducted in an open-pit mine, with pairwise UNC samplers and a respirable cyclone mounted on the chest of workers. UNC samples were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and to some extent energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Respirable cyclone filter samples were weighed. Correlations and particle elemental compositions were described. Microscopic imaging of the collection surface showed that the particles were heterogeneously deposited across the surface of the UNC sampler. Collected particles were shaped as gravel particles and the resulting particle size distribution in air showed a peak at ca. 3 mm aerodynamic diameter, similarly to what has previously been reported from the same mine. The elemental composition indicated mineral origin. All correlations between the airborne mass concentrations from UNC samplers and respirable cyclones (Pearson ¼ 0.54 and Spearman ¼ 0.43) and between pairs of parallel UNC samplers (Pearson ¼ 0.55 and Spearman ¼ 0.67) were weak. The UNC sampler mass concentrations were approximately 30 times higher than those measured with the respirable cyclone. In conclusion, the UNC sampler, when used for personal sampling in a mine, provides a reasonable particle size distribution and the deposited particles appeared to be of mineral origin and not from textile or skin but the approximately 30-fold overestimation of mass concentrations when comparing with respirable cyclone sampling indicates that further improvements are necessary. Positioning of the sampler may be critical and moving the UNC sampler from the chest to e.g. the top of a helmet might be an improvement. Grounding of the sampler in order to avoid static electricity might also be useful. The UNC sampler should continue to be researched for personal sampling, as passive sampling might become a useful alternative to more laborious sampling techniques.

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Evaluation of the Cost-Effectiveness of Various Passive Monitors and Active Monitors for Industrial Hygiene Sampling

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Occupational and indoor air exposure to persistent organic pollutants: A review of passive sampling techniques and needs

Occupational and indoor air exposure to persistent organic pollutants: A review of passive sampling techniques and needs

Passive sampling in combination with thermal desorption and gas chromatography as a tool for self-assessment of chemical exposure

Passive personal air sampling of dust in a working environment—A pilot study

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