Evaluation of the delta neutrophil index from an automated blood cell analyser in septic dogs

Troìa, Roberta; Agnoli, Chiara; Calipa, Stefano; Segalina, Samuele; Murgia, Elsa; Gruarin, Marta; Dondi, Francesco; Giunti, Massimo

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.11.002

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The IG count was not, however, a good prognostic marker for mortality in this patient population (167). Similar results were reported for the delta neutrophil index (DNI), an automated estimate of IG count, in septic dogs (168). DNI was significantly higher in dogs with sepsis compared to dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) and healthy dogs and significantly higher in dogs with septic shock compared to septic dogs without circulatory failure; however, no differences were detected between survivors and non-survivors (168).…”

Section: Neutrophils In Health and Sepsissupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Similar results were reported for the delta neutrophil index (DNI), an automated estimate of IG count, in septic dogs (168). DNI was significantly higher in dogs with sepsis compared to dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) and healthy dogs and significantly higher in dogs with septic shock compared to septic dogs without circulatory failure; however, no differences were detected between survivors and non-survivors (168). In a recent prospective observational study of adult equine emergency patients, the presence of band neutrophils on blood smear at admission was associated with SIRS and with poor outcome (28).…”

Section: Neutrophils In Health and Sepsissupporting

confidence: 84%

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A Comparative Review of Equine SIRS, Sepsis, and Neutrophils

Sheats

2019

Front. Vet. Sci.

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The most recent definition of sepsis in human medicine can be summarized as organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. In equine medicine, although no consensus definition is available, sepsis is commonly described as a dysregulated host systemic inflammatory response to infection. Defense against host infection is the primary role of innate immune cells known as neutrophils. Neutrophils also contribute to host injury during sepsis, making them important potential targets for sepsis prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. This review will present both historical and updated perspectives on the systemic inflammatory response (SIRS) and sepsis; it will also discuss the impact of sepsis on neutrophils, and the impact of neutrophils during sepsis. Future identification of clinically relevant sepsis diagnosis and therapy depends on a more thorough understanding of disease pathogenesis across species. To gain this understanding, there is a critical need for research that utilizes a clearly defined, and consistently applied, classification system for patients diagnosed with, and at risk of developing, sepsis.

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Section: Neutrophils In Health and Sepsissupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Neutrophils In Health and Sepsissupporting

confidence: 84%

A Comparative Review of Equine SIRS, Sepsis, and Neutrophils

Sheats

2019

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…An early diagnosis of this syndrome and establishment of patients' prognosis are still the main aims in order to set up a prompt and effective treatment (1,3). In dogs, the potential diagnostic and prognostic value of leukocyte and platelets parameters has been recently investigated in few studies (4)(5)(6)(7)(8). The first two studies investigated the prognostic and diagnostic utility of a degenerative left shift in dogs with various diseases and the delta neutrophil index in septic dogs with some discrepancies (4,5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In dogs, the potential diagnostic and prognostic value of leukocyte and platelets parameters has been recently investigated in few studies (4)(5)(6)(7)(8). The first two studies investigated the prognostic and diagnostic utility of a degenerative left shift in dogs with various diseases and the delta neutrophil index in septic dogs with some discrepancies (4,5). Burton et al concluded that the presence of a degenerative left shift was associated with an increased mortality (4), although other authors failed to find an association between degenerative left shift and mortality in septic dogs (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Leukocyte and Platelet Abnormalities and Complete Blood Count Ratios Potential Prognostic Markers in Canine Sepsis?

et al. 2020

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Background: Sepsis is a common disease in which early diagnosis and prognosis assessment are the main aims in order to arrange a prompt and effective treatment.Objectives: (1) To compare leukogram parameters (WBC, segmented and band neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes), platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), and some leukocyte/platelet ratio such as NLR, NBNLR, PLR, and MLR between dogs with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis. (2) To investigate any difference in the trend of these latter parameters between survivors and non-survivors septic dogs.Animals: 57 dogs with confirmed sepsis and 57 dogs with non-septic SIRS.Methods: A review of the medical records was conducted in order to find dogs with sepsis. Sepsis was defined as the presence of an infectious focus with fulfillment of systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria (SIRS). Septic dogs had to have a CBC at admission and another CBC within 48 h from the previous timepoint. Purebreds with CBC breed-related abnormalities were excluded, together with dogs without confirmed sepsis and dogs with only a single CBC. NLR, NBNLR, PLR, and MLR were calculated. Univariate analysis of all blood parameters studied was assessed between SIRS and septic dogs. Generalized Estimating Equations models for repeated measures were used to test if the blood parameters studied were modified between survivors and non-survivors in the septic group.Results: Septic dogs had lower median segmented neutrophils count and NLR compared to SIRS dogs (p = 0.02 and p = 0.04, respectively). Lastly, septic dogs had a higher prevalence of toxic neutrophil than SIRS dogs (p = 0.01). We found that for a 1-unit increase of PLR and MLR, the risk of death increased by 50.5 and 60%, respectively. Conclusion and Clinical Importance:Evaluation of NLR at hospital admission may be a useful marker of inflammation, although it showed low sensitivity in differentiating SIRS and septic dogs. The monitoring of some CBC parameters, especially PLR and MLR may be useful in the establishment of prognosis in septic dogs.

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“…Along with an increase in the AMP and GMP levels, these nucleotides are cleaved to form hypoxanthine, which in our opinion, is upregulated by hypoxia that is concomitant with the process of inflammation, leading to acidification of the tissue environment. Adenylate deaminase and adenosine deaminase activity involved in the catabolism of purine mononucleotides simultaneously shows a significant increase with decreasing pH [12-14]. As a result of a biochemical reaction catalyzed by XO, hypoxanthine gets oxidized to xanthine and uric acid and this is always associated with the production of superoxide radicals and H 2 O 2 using this enzyme.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Special aspects of systemic inflammation course in animals

Chernigova

Chernigov²,

Vatnikov

et al. 2019

Vet World

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Aim: In this study, we identified characteristics of systemic inflammation associated with surgical sepsis in animals. We evaluated the role of purine metabolism, functionally associated lipoperoxidation processes of membrane structures, and the antioxidant system in the development of surgical sepsis in dogs. Materials and Methods: Dogs with a provisional exclusion of sepsis were included in the study. The control group (Group 1) included clinically healthy dogs (n=5), and medium-breed dogs with systemic inflammation response syndrome (n=30) were categorized in the experimental group (Group 2). Along with hemogram and biochemical analysis, we determined the amount of malondialdehyde, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase on the 1st and 14th day of the study. Treatment included a thorough reorganization of the septic focus, followed by antibacterial therapy. Sick animals were injected with a drug (dexamethasone) that suppresses the synthesis and inhibits the action of inflammatory mediators. Decompensation of the functions of organs and systems was carried out using symptomatic therapy. Results: We found that enhanced lipid peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids of membrane structures stimulates the generalization of inflammatory process, as evidenced by the significant deviation from the physiologically normal values of lipid peroxidation, C-reactive protein, blood cell count, etc. The course of systemic inflammation associated with surgical sepsis in animals can be attributed to several consistently developing processes that function as a result of increased purine mononucleotide catabolism, peroxide compound formation, and their excessive breakdown in reactions associated with the consumption of glutathione due to the insufficient recovery of glutathione disulfide. Conclusion: The amount of uric acid, glycosaminoglycans, hyaluronic acid in blood plasma, and the content of malondialdehyde, glutathione, and glutathione reductase in erythrocytes should be considered when assessing the severity of the systemic inflammatory process. The increased glutathione requirement in dogs with surgical sepsis requires intervention with pharmacological agents, and further research is needed in this aspect.

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Evaluation of the delta neutrophil index from an automated blood cell analyser in septic dogs

Cited by 11 publications

References 28 publications

A Comparative Review of Equine SIRS, Sepsis, and Neutrophils

A Comparative Review of Equine SIRS, Sepsis, and Neutrophils

Are Leukocyte and Platelet Abnormalities and Complete Blood Count Ratios Potential Prognostic Markers in Canine Sepsis?

Special aspects of systemic inflammation course in animals

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