Evaluation of the disintegrant properties of native and modified forms of fonio and sweet potato starches

Abstract

The effects of acid modification on the disintegrant properties of two native starches obtained from Digitaria exilis (white fonio) and Ipomea batatas (sweet potato) were evaluated in comparison with official corn starch in paracetamol tablet formulations. The starches were extracted from grains of white fonio and tubers of sweet potato, and modified by acid hydrolysis using 6% w/w hydrochloric acid for 48 h. The native and modified forms of the starches were employed as exo-disintegrants in paracetamol tablet formulations at concentrations of 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0% w/w. The disintegrant properties were assessed using crushing strength (C s ), friability (F r ), disintegration time (D T ), disintegrant efficiency ratio (DER), and the dimensionless quantity DER c . The results showed that crushing strength and friability of the tablets appeared to depend on the type, concentration, and nature of disintegrant used. Disintegration time generally decreased with increase in disintegrant concentration and the values complied with the pharmacopoeial standard for uncoated tablets ( 15 min). Tablets containing acid modified starches showed longer disintegration times than those containing the native starches although there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the values. Acid modification generally increased the disintegration efficiency ratio (DER) of the formulations while the values of DER c indicated that sweet potato starch would be the most efficient disintegrant with greater ability to enhance the balance between the mechanical and disintegration properties of the tablet. Thus, the experimental starches compared well with corn starch as disintegrants and could be useful for commercial tablet formulations.

Evaluation of the Disintegrant Properties of Native Starches of Five New Cassava Varieties in Paracetamol Tablet Formulations

“…The disintegration parameter DER c was determined using the formula $\begin{array}{c}T1{\mathrm{D}\mathrm{E}\mathrm{R}}_c=\frac{{\mathrm{D}\mathrm{E}\mathrm{R}}_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}}}{{\mathrm{D}\mathrm{E}\mathrm{R}}_{\mathrm{r}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{f}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{c}\mathrm{e}}},\end{array}$where DER test is the DER of tablets containing the test disintegrant (V10, V20, V30, V40, and V50), while DER reference is the DER of tablets containing the reference disintegrant (V60). When DER c > 1, the DER of the test cassava starch disintegrant is considered to possess better disintegrant action than the reference disintegrant and vice versa [14, 15]. …”

Effect of mode of superdisintegrant incorporation on tableting properties of metronidazole granules

“…This is more likely to generate a greater disintegration force within the tablet that will facilitate rapid breakup of the tablet when it comes in contact with the disintegration medium. A higher value of DER was obtained with extragranular addition for both superdisintegrants implying that a better balance of mechanical and disintegration properties in 7,17,18 . Generally, tablets containing SSG either intragranularly or extragranularly produced tablets with higher crushing strength and longer disintegration time compared to those of CCM.…”

Fonio grains: Physicochemical properties, nutritional potential, and food applications

“…The focus of fonio starch applications has been on pharmaceutical excipients (Akin‐Ajani et al., 2014, 2016; Odeniyi et al., 2019). Odeku (2013) reviewed the applications of white and black fonio starches in native and modified forms as glidants for pharmaceutical granulation and as excipients for making solid dosage forms.…”