Evaluation of the Effect of Beetroot Juice on DMBA‐induced Damage in Liver and Mammary Gland of Female Sprague–Dawley Rats

Szaefer, Hanna; Krajka‐Kuźniak, Violetta; Ignatowicz, Ewa; Adamska, Teresa; Baer‐Dubowska, Wanda

doi:10.1002/ptr.4951

Cited by 56 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Beetroot extracts were proven to be efficient in vitro inducers of quinone reductase, another family of phase II detoxification enzymes . In the study of Szaefer et al , beetroot juice treatment increased GST levels in mammary glands and induced GST activity in the hepatic cells of female Sprague‐Dawley rats treated with 7,12‐dimethylbenz[ α ]anthracene (DMBA). Betalains from beetroot juice also exhibited a protective role in N ‐nitrosodiethylamine‐induced liver injury in Wistar rats through phase II enzyme induction …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health‐promoting bioactivities of betalains from red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus (Weber) Britton and Rose) peels as affected by carbohydrate encapsulation

et al. 2016

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health‐promoting bioactivities of betalains from red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus (Weber) Britton and Rose) peels as affected by carbohydrate encapsulation

et al. 2016

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“…Hepatoprotective effect was suggested through induction of phase II enzyme quinone reductase by betalain‐rich red beet extract (Wettasinghe and others ), particularly betanin (Lee and others ). Feeding trials involving rats showed that betalain‐rich red beet juice mitigated hepatic toxicity caused by N ‐nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), carbon tetrachloride (Kujawska and others ), and 7,12‐dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) as a result of improved antioxidant status and enhanced expression of phase II enzyme quinone reductase (Szaefer and others ). Liver toxicity was efficiently offset by the protective effects of betanin, such as reinstating cytochrome P450 enzyme expression elevated by toxicant treatment, improvement in liver redox status, and restoration of mitochondrial functions (Han and others ,b).…”

Section: Dietary Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Betalains: Safety, Antioxidant Activity, Clinical Efficacy, and Bioavailability

Khan

2015

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

209

127

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Betalains are accepted food additives derived from vacuoles of plants belonging to about 17 families in the order Caryophyllales. These pigments are composed of a nitrogenous core structure, betalamic acid [4-(2-oxoethylidene)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid]. Betalamic acid condenses with imino compounds (cyclo-DOPA and/or its glucosyl derivatives) or amines and/or their derivatives to form violet betacyanins (for example, betanin) and yellow betaxanthins (for example, indicaxanthin), respectively. Till date, structures of 75 betalains have been elucidated from plants under the order Caryophyllales. The extracted betalains are safe to consume and they act as micronutrients in the body. In vitro studies to highlight radical-scavenging activity, cell culture studies to assess cytotoxicity and absorption of betalains, and proven clinical efficacies are compiled in this review. The literature on biological activity has not been analyzed for a synthesis of safety, clinical efficacy, and bioavailability to arrive at the concentrations required for the purported health benefits. Most betalains are under-utilized in pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations due to poor stability and lack of scientific reports highlighting their superior tinctorial strength including flourescence, water solubility, and functional value alongside their bioavailability. This is the first comprehensive review on the dietary safety, biological activity and bioavailability of betalains. Based on this review, for future debate and input from health professionals, a human daily intake of betanin and indicaxanthin can be proposed at 100 and 50 mg, respectively.

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“…The most potent antioxidant molecules in BTJ are thought to be the betalain pigments, which are responsible for beetroot’s violet colour [28]. The betalains, and betanin in particular, are very effective electron donors that have been shown to not only attenuate ROS mediated injury but also to upregulate endogenous antioxidant enzymes and stimulate host defence [29,30,31,32]. In addition, BTJ is rich in nitrate, which, via its reduction to nitric oxide (NO) might have indirect antioxidant effects by supressing the accumulation of leukocytes [33], which are thought to be the main producers of ROS after muscle-damaging exercise [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Beetroot Juice on Recovery of Muscle Function and Performance between Bouts of Repeated Sprint Exercise

et al. 2016

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This study examined the effects of beetroot juice (BTJ) on recovery between two repeated-sprint tests. In an independent groups design, 20 male, team-sports players were randomized to receive either BTJ or a placebo (PLA) (2 × 250 mL) for 3 days after an initial repeated sprint test (20 × 30 m; RST1) and after a second repeated sprint test (RST2), performed 72 h later. Maximal isometric voluntary contractions (MIVC), countermovement jumps (CMJ), reactive strength index (RI), pressure-pain threshold (PPT), creatine kinase (CK), C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), protein carbonyls (PC), lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH) and the ascorbyl free radical (A•−) were measured before, after, and at set times between RST1 and RST2. CMJ and RI recovered quicker in BTJ compared to PLA after RST1: at 72 h post, CMJ and RI were 7.6% and 13.8% higher in BTJ vs. PLA, respectively (p < 0.05). PPT was 10.4% higher in BTJ compared to PLA 24 h post RST2 (p = 0.012) but similar at other time points. No group differences were detected for mean and fastest sprint time or fatigue index. MIVC, or the biochemical markers measured (p > 0.05). BTJ reduced the decrement in CMJ and RI following and RST but had no effect on sprint performance or oxidative stress.

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Evaluation of the Effect of Beetroot Juice on DMBA‐induced Damage in Liver and Mammary Gland of Female Sprague–Dawley Rats

Abstract: quinone oxidoreductase-1. In mammary gland, beetroot juice induced the level of glutathione S-transferase pi, enzyme involved in active metabolites of DMBA detoxification. The final effects of beetroot juice are tissue specific and depend on the class of carcinogen.

Cited by 56 publications

References 38 publications

Health‐promoting bioactivities of betalains from red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus (Weber) Britton and Rose) peels as affected by carbohydrate encapsulation

Health‐promoting bioactivities of betalains from red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus (Weber) Britton and Rose) peels as affected by carbohydrate encapsulation

Plant Betalains: Safety, Antioxidant Activity, Clinical Efficacy, and Bioavailability

Effects of Beetroot Juice on Recovery of Muscle Function and Performance between Bouts of Repeated Sprint Exercise

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