Evaluation of the effects of chronic mild stressors on hedonic and physiological responses: sex and strain compared

Konkle, Anne T. M.; Baker, Stephanie; Kentner, Amanda C.; Barbagallo, Lisa Santa-Maria; Merali, Zul; Bielajew, Catherine

doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2003.08.047

Cited by 190 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Hence, we further assessed the involvement of these systems in the CMS-induced bone loss. As reported (34,35), CMS led to increased serum corticosterone. Furthermore, adrenalectomy abolished the CMS-induced behavioral depression and bone loss, implicating glucocorticoids in these effects.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Depression induces bone loss through stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system

Yirmiya¹,

Goshen²,

Bajayo³

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

198

138

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Major depression is associated with low bone mass and increased incidence of osteoporotic fractures. However, causality between depression and bone loss has not been established. Here, we show that mice subjected to chronic mild stress (CMS), an established model of depression in rodents, display behavioral depression accompanied by impaired bone mass and structure, as portrayed by decreases in trabecular bone volume density, trabecular number, and trabecular connectivity density assessed in the distal femoral metaphysis and L3 vertebral body. Bone remodeling analysis revealed that the CMS-induced skeletal deficiency is accompanied by restrained bone formation resulting from reduced osteoblast number. Antidepressant therapy, which prevents the behavioral responses to CMS, completely inhibits the decrease in bone formation and markedly attenuates the CMS-induced bone loss. The depression-triggered bone loss is associated with a substantial increase in bone norepinephrine levels and can be blocked by the ␤-adrenergic antagonist propranolol, suggesting that the sympathetic nervous system mediates the skeletal effects of stress-induced depression. These results define a linkage among depression, excessive adrenergic activity, and reduced bone formation, thus demonstrating an interaction among behavioral responses, the brain, and the skeleton, which leads to impaired bone structure. Together with the common occurrence of depression and bone loss in the aging population, the present data implicate depression as a potential major risk factor for osteoporosis and the associated increase in fracture incidence.antidepressant ͉ chronic depression ͉ osteoporosis ͉ bone formation ͉ adrenergic signaling

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Depression induces bone loss through stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system

Yirmiya¹,

Goshen²,

Bajayo³

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

198

138

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Chronic restraint decreased motivation on the appetitive operant conditioning paradigm, which is consistent with anhedonia and decreased motivation (Barr & Phillips, 1998;Konkle et al, 2003), hallmark features of depression (Frazer & Morilak, 2005;Henn & Vollmayr, 2005). Chronic restraint increases adrenal size, which coincides with adrenal hypertrophy evident in major depression (Nemeroff, Krishnan, Reed, Leder, Beam, & Dunnick, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…Does chronic stress have selective effects on mnemonic ability or is cognition shaped indirectly through nonmnemonic factors that include motivation and motor ability? Rodents exposed to chronic stress for weeks or months exhibit anhedonic behaviors (Katz, Roth, & Schmaltz, 1981;Katz & Schmaltz, 1980;Willner, 1997) and show decreased motivation (Barr & Phillips, 1998;Konkle, Baker, Kentner, Barbagallo, Merali, & Bielajew, 2003), which are hallmark features of depression that may interfere with performance on tasks that are based upon reward and motivation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic stress impairs spatial memory and motivation for reward without disrupting motor ability and motivation to explore.

Kleen

Sitomer

Killeen

et al. 2006

Behavioral Neuroscience

153

112

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This study uses an operant, behavioral model to assess the daily changes in the decay rate of shortterm memory, motivation, and motor ability in rats exposed to chronic restraint. Restraint decreased reward-related motivation by 50% without altering memory decay rate or motor ability. Moreover, chronic restraint impaired hippocampal-dependent spatial memory on the Y maze (4-hr delay) and produced CA3 dendritic retraction without altering hippocampal-independent maze navigation (1-min delay) or locomotion. Thus, mechanisms underlying motivation for food reward differ from those underlying Y maze exploration, and neurobiological substrates of spatial memory, such as the hippocampus, differ from those that underlie short-term memory. Chronic restraint produces functional, neuromorphological, and physiological alterations that parallel symptoms of depression in humans.

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“…This experimental design is distinct from those currently used that allow access to one or two bottles during 1 h as a rule after a period of water restriction (Willner et al, 1987;Muscat and Willner, 1992;Konkle et al, 2003). Indeed, in the present study, the rats had the choice between these two bottles for 24 h per day (except during the 45 min conditioning session) and during the whole experiment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Involvement of Cholecystokininergic Systems in Anxiety-Induced Hyperalgesia in Male Rats: Behavioral and Biochemical Studies

André¹,

Zeau²,

Pohl³

et al. 2005

J. Neurosci.

107

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Evaluation of the effects of chronic mild stressors on hedonic and physiological responses: sex and strain compared

Cited by 190 publications

References 66 publications

Depression induces bone loss through stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system

Depression induces bone loss through stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system

Chronic stress impairs spatial memory and motivation for reward without disrupting motor ability and motivation to explore.

Involvement of Cholecystokininergic Systems in Anxiety-Induced Hyperalgesia in Male Rats: Behavioral and Biochemical Studies

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