Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Conventional Cleaning Regimen in Removing Methicillin-Resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>From Contaminated Surfaces in an Intensive Care Unit

Aldeyab, Mamoon A.; McElnay, James; Elshibly, Salah M.; Hughes, Carmel; McDowell, D.A.; McMahon, M.A.S.; Scott, Michael; Kearney, Mary P.

doi:10.1086/595964

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Daily attention with detergent wipes may be sufficient to control bioburden on an acutecare ward, but high-risk sites in intensive care units may require more frequent attention (133). Two studies have clearly shown how MRSA rapidly recontaminates high-touch sites in the ICU setting after cleaning (134,135).…”

Section: Critical Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thoughtful construction of a specification to prioritize the highest-risk sites should also obviate the confusion over who cleans what and how often an item or surface should be cleaned (133,136,140,271). In particular, there is currently no evidence to support the frequency of cleaning a room or bed space while it is occupied by a patient (133,135). Cleaning specifications should encompass the fact that overall cleaning quality is determined not only by the applied method but also by the appropriateness of the method for the type of surface treated.…”

Section: Current Unanswered Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Controlling Hospital-Acquired Infection: Focus on the Role of the Environment and New Technologies for Decontamination

2014

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SUMMARY There is increasing interest in the role of cleaning for managing hospital-acquired infections (HAI). Pathogens such as vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), multiresistant Gram-negative bacilli, norovirus, and Clostridium difficile persist in the health care environment for days. Both detergent- and disinfectant-based cleaning can help control these pathogens, although difficulties with measuring cleanliness have compromised the quality of published evidence. Traditional cleaning methods are notoriously inefficient for decontamination, and new approaches have been proposed, including disinfectants, steam, automated dispersal systems, and antimicrobial surfaces. These methods are difficult to evaluate for cost-effectiveness because environmental data are not usually modeled against patient outcome. Recent studies have reported the value of physically removing soil using detergent, compared with more expensive (and toxic) disinfectants. Simple cleaning methods should be evaluated against nonmanual disinfection using standardized sampling and surveillance. Given worldwide concern over escalating antimicrobial resistance, it is clear that more studies on health care decontamination are required. Cleaning schedules should be adapted to reflect clinical risk, location, type of site, and hand touch frequency and should be evaluated for cost versus benefit for both routine and outbreak situations. Forthcoming evidence on the role of antimicrobial surfaces could supplement infection prevention strategies for health care environments, including those targeting multidrug-resistant pathogens.

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Section: Critical Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Current Unanswered Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling Hospital-Acquired Infection: Focus on the Role of the Environment and New Technologies for Decontamination

2014

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“…As all sites rapidly become contaminated after cleaning, surface coatings with prolonged biocidal activity might be a useful adjunct for controlling recontamination [61,98,101,102]. This would relieve the pressure on both surface cleaning and hand hygiene, provided such coatings demonstrate uniform and long-term activity [103].…”

Section: Antimicrobial Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dos and don’ts for hospital cleaning

Dancer

2016

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

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Purpose of review More evidence is emerging on the role of cleaning and decontamination for reducing hospital-acquired infection. Timely and adequate removal of environmental pathogens leads to measurable clinical benefits for patients. This article considers studies published from 2013 examining hospital decontamination technologies and evidence for cost-effectiveness. Recent findings Novel biocides and cleaning products, antimicrobial coatings, monitoring practices and automated equipment are widely accessible. They do not necessarily remove all environmental pathogens, however, and most have yet to be comprehensively assessed against patient outcome. Some studies are confounded by concurrent infection control and/or antimicrobial stewardship initiatives. Few contain data on costs. Summary As automated dirt removal is assumed to be superior to human effort, there is a danger that traditional cleaning methods are devalued or ignored. Fear of infection encourages use of powerful disinfectants for eliminating real or imagined pathogens in hospitals without appreciating toxicity or cost benefit. Furthermore, efficacy of these agents is compromised without prior removal of organic soil. Microbiocidal activity should be compared and contrasted against physical removal of soil in standardized and controlled studies to understand how best to manage contaminated healthcare environments.

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“…Studies from hospital and domestic settings suggest that ambient “total aerobic colony count” bioburdens return to levels which were present prior to applying a hygiene procedure within time periods of 1.5 to 2.5 h [34], [66]. Two studies [67], [68] show how MRSA rapidly recontaminates high-touch sites in Intensive Care Units after hygienic cleaning. The rate of recontamination with pathogens will depend on a number of factors.…”

Section: Keeping Surfaces Hygienically Clean – How Long Is the Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

A unified framework for developing effective hygiene procedures for hands, environmental surfaces and laundry in healthcare, domestic, food handling and other settings

Bloomfield

Carling

Exner

2017

GMS Hygiene and Infection Control; 12:Doc08

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Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Conventional Cleaning Regimen in Removing Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusFrom Contaminated Surfaces in an Intensive Care Unit

Cited by 22 publications

References 8 publications

Controlling Hospital-Acquired Infection: Focus on the Role of the Environment and New Technologies for Decontamination

Controlling Hospital-Acquired Infection: Focus on the Role of the Environment and New Technologies for Decontamination

Dos and don’ts for hospital cleaning

A unified framework for developing effective hygiene procedures for hands, environmental surfaces and laundry in healthcare, domestic, food handling and other settings

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