This systematic literature review explores the innovative potential of 5G technology in global healthcare, focusing on personalized diabetes self-management. The COVID-19 pandemic increased the adoption of digital solutions related to health, creating new opportunities. This review examines the role of 5G technology in overcoming the specific challenges associated with diabetes self-care, emphasizing its vital features, such as low latency and high reliability, enabling real-time data transmission and remote monitoring for improving patient care. Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, it synthesizes findings from reliable databases, exploring 5G's diverse influence. Key research questions include its contribution to healthcare digital transformation, SWOT analysis in diabetes management, challenges in various diabetes types, and its role in designing digital solutions. Findings reveal significant advancements, such as increased data transmission speeds, supporting real-time remote patient monitoring and telemedicine. A proposed framework guides digital solution development, highlighting future research areas and implementation challenges, emphasizing the need to fully employ 5G's potential features in healthcare.