Evaluation of the location of the anus by a modified technique in the neonate

Genç, Abdülkadir; Taneli, Can; Tansuğ, Nermin; Kasırga, Erhun; Yılmaz, Dilek; Küçükoğlu, Tolga; Onağ, Ali

doi:10.1053/jpsu.2002.29432

Cited by 23 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Bar-Maor and Eitan,[2] Reisner et al .,[7] and Genη et al . [6] determined API using various methods. These studies found no difference in API values between neonates and older children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The findings of the previous studies aimed at identifying the exact location of anus that have been used to define the anal position index (API). [1245678] Reisner et al . [7] presented a simple method using the API, which is the ratio of anus-fourchette (FA) distance to coccyx-fourchette distance in females and the ratio of anus-scrotum distance to coccyx-scrotum distance in males to define the normal position of the anus in newborns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of normal anal position index using a modified technique in Turkish neonates

Ertürk

Kandemir

2017

J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg

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Aim:This study was aimed to determine the normal position of the anus using the anal position index (API) in an attempt to develop a more sensitive method for measuring API. To investigate API in a wide range of neonates, both term and preterm infants were included in the present study.Materials and Methods:API was determined by measuring the anus-fourchette (FA) and anus-coccyx (AC) distance in female neonates and the anus-scrotum and AC distance in male neonates. API is defined as the ratio of the FA (scrotum) distance to the AC distance. A digital caliper was used for all measurements. The FA or scrotum and coccyx-fourchette or -scrotum distances were measured using digital calipers.Results:A total of 267 neonates (females, 143; males 124) were included in this study. Of these, 36 were borderline premature infants (birth at 35–37 weeks gestation) and 231 were term infants (birth at 38–42 weeks gestation). The mean API was 1.06 ± 0.04 in female and 0.90 ± 0.08 in male neonates. When premature infants were analyzed separately, the mean API was 1.12 ± 0.08 in female and 0.99 ± 0.09 in male neonates. No significant difference in API values was observed between term and preterm neonates (P < 0.05).Conclusions:API values that differ from the previous studies were identified in the present study. We believe our modified method allows for more accurate measurements of the API in newborns. According to our method, the anus should be considered as anteriorly located if API is <1 in female and < 0.9 in male neonates. In addition, the present study is the first to measure API using digital calipers. Digital calipers were found to be convenient and are useful in determining the API with high accuracy (to within 0.01 cm).

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“…Bar-Maor and Eitan,[2] Reisner et al .,[7] and Genη et al . [6] determined API using various methods. These studies found no difference in API values between neonates and older children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of normal anal position index using a modified technique in Turkish neonates

Ertürk

Kandemir

2017

J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg

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“…(4) . (5) . Celal Bayar Üniversitesinde aynı yöntemi önce BT ile daha sonra manyetik rezonans (MR) cihazı alınması ile de MR cihazının yumuşak dokuları ve sfinkter kas kompleksini daha iyi göstermesi nedeniyle MR ile devam ettirdik.…”

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Evaluation of anorectal malformation with computerized tomography

Taneli¹

2017

tcdd

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“…Clinical measurement of anal position index (API, also known as anogenital index or anal index) has been suggested as an objective method of identifying cases of AEA [2,5,6]. API is defined as the ratio of the centre of the anus-fourchette distance to coccyx-fourchette distance in girls and as the ratio of scrotoanal distance to scrotococcygeal distance in boys [2,5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…API is defined as the ratio of the centre of the anus-fourchette distance to coccyx-fourchette distance in girls and as the ratio of scrotoanal distance to scrotococcygeal distance in boys [2,5,6]. In normal neonates and children, the mean API (±1 SD) has been reported to be about 0.53-0.58 (±0.05-0.06) in boys and 0.44-0.46 (±0.05-0.08) in girls [2,5,6]. There was no significant difference in the API index between neonates and older children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic resonance imaging in anterior ectopic anus

Raghu

2007

Pediatr Surg Int

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Different criteria have been used in literature to describe the anterior ectopic anus (AEA) anomaly, resulting in uncertainty over its prevalence, association with constipation and definition of the indications for surgery. It has been recently proposed that the term AEA should be restricted to anomalies in which a normal appearing anal orifice is located in the perineum in a more anterior location than normal, with an anal canal of normal calibre that is shown by electrical stimulation to be surrounded by the voluntary external anal sphincter (EAS). We report about four infants, three females and one male, who presented with constipation and had an anteriorly located anal orifice of normal calibre. The anal position index measured clinically was less than 0.34 in all the female patients and 0.44 in the male patient. In preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the EAS was distributed all around the circumference of the anal canal, including the ventral aspect of the anal canal, in all the patients. Preoperative MRI documentation of sphincter distribution is recommended for the diagnosis of AEA, as it would help in better definition of its association with constipation and the results of surgical management.

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Evaluation of the location of the anus by a modified technique in the neonate

Cited by 23 publications

References 6 publications

Determination of normal anal position index using a modified technique in Turkish neonates

Determination of normal anal position index using a modified technique in Turkish neonates

Evaluation of anorectal malformation with computerized tomography

Magnetic resonance imaging in anterior ectopic anus

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