Evaluation of the Microbiome in Men Taking Pre-exposure Prophylaxis for HIV Prevention

Perler, Bryce K.; Reinhart, Elizabeth M.; Montgomery, Madeline C.; Maynard, Michaela; Shapiro, Jason; Belenky, Peter; Chan, Philip A.

doi:10.1007/s10461-020-03130-7

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In Ortiz et al, we observed that short-term administration (1–6 weeks) of antiretrovirals led to instability of the fecal microbiome — no prolonged changes were observed in individual taxa [ 51 ]. These findings are in contrast to pre-exposure prophylaxis microbiome studies in humans, where changes in individual taxa were reported [ 52 – 54 ]. Further research is needed to understand whether these observed post-therapeutic differences are an effect of treatment longevity, route or formulation, longitudinal versus cross-sectional sampling, or host species specificity.…”

Section: What’s Dysbiosis Got To Do With It?contrasting

confidence: 87%

Microbiome Studies in Non-human Primates

Brenchley

Ortiz

2021

Curr HIV/AIDS Rep

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Section: What’s Dysbiosis Got To Do With It?contrasting

confidence: 87%

Microbiome Studies in Non-human Primates

Brenchley

Ortiz

2021

Curr HIV/AIDS Rep

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“…Moreover, many antibiotics frequently used in the clinic failed treating Enterococcus infection because of the inherent and acquired drug resistance ( Arias and Murray, 2012 ). Catenibacterium was closely related to morbid obesity and metabolic syndrome ( Perler et al, 2021 ). The relative abundance of Atopobium was significantly increased in the patients with esophageal cancer ( Deng et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Bacterial and Fungal Diversity Analysis Reveals the Gut Microbial Alterations in Diarrheic Giraffes

Liu

et al. 2021

Front. Microbiol.

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Gut microbiota has been demonstrated to be associated with multiple gastrointestinal diseases, but information regarding the gut microbial alternations in diarrheic giraffe remains scarce. Here, 16S rDNA and ITS gene amplicon sequencing were conducted to investigate the gut microbial composition and variability in diarrheic giraffes. Results demonstrated that Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the most dominant phyla in the gut bacterial community, whereas Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were observed to be predominant in the gut fungal community regardless of health status. However, the species and relative abundance of preponderant bacterial and fungal genera in healthy and diarrheic giraffes were different. In contrast to the relatively stabilized gut fungal community, gut bacterial community displayed a significant decrease in the alpha diversity, accompanied by distinct changes in taxonomic compositions. Bacterial taxonomic analysis revealed that the relative abundances of eight phyla and 12 genera obviously increased, whereas the relative abundances of two phyla and eight genera dramatically decreased during diarrhea. Moreover, the relative richness of five fungal genera significantly increased, whereas the relative richness of seven fungal genera significantly declined in diarrheic giraffes. Taken together, this study demonstrated that diarrhea could cause significant alternations in the gut microbial composition of giraffes, and the changes in the gut bacterial community were more significant than those in the gut fungal community. Additionally, investigating the gut microbial characteristics of giraffes in different health states is beneficial to provide a theoretical basis for establishing a prevention and treatment system for diarrhea from the gut microbial perspective.

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“…In addition to sexual behavior and/or HIV infection, ART also influences the composition of the gut microbiota in PLWH, which changes before and after the start of ART. This has been shown in PLWH and in the context of PrEP and may affect bone health, as demonstrated in the non-HIV population No change [57][58][59][60]. The impact on fecal microbial diversity, which potentially causes intestinal dysbiosis, has been particularly observed in patients receiving ART including nucleotide/nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), with a propensity for intestinal microbiota enriched in Prevotella and poor in Bacteroides [57].…”

Section: Contribution Of Gut Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

Osteoporosis and HIV Infection

Biver

2022

Calcif Tissue Int

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Life expectancy of people living with HIV (PLWH) is now close to that of the HIV-uninfected population. As a result, age-related comorbidities, including osteoporosis, are increasing in PLWH. This narrative review describes the epidemiology of bone fragility in PLWH, changes of bone features over the course of HIV infection and their determinants, as well as the available evidence regarding the management of osteoporosis in PLWH. The risk of fracture is higher and increases about 10 years earlier compared to the general population. The classical risk factors of bone fragility are very widespread and are major determinants of bone health in this population. The majority of bone loss occurs during virus replication and during immune reconstitution at antiretroviral therapies (ART) initiation, which both increase osteoclast activity. Abnormalities in bone formation and mineralization have also been shown in histomorphometric studies in untreated PLWH. Measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) is the first line tool for assessing fracture risk in postmenopausal women, men above 50 years, and other HIV-infected patients with clinical risk factors for osteoporosis. FRAX underestimates fracture probability in PLWH. In case of indication for anti-osteoporotic drug, bisphosphonates remain the reference option. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation should be considered as ART initiation, since it may attenuate bone loss at this stage. Bone-protective ART regimens improve BMD compared to other regimens, but to a lesser extent than bisphosphonate, and without available data on their influence on the incidence of fracture.

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Evaluation of the Microbiome in Men Taking Pre-exposure Prophylaxis for HIV Prevention

Cited by 11 publications

References 37 publications

Microbiome Studies in Non-human Primates

Microbiome Studies in Non-human Primates

Integrated Bacterial and Fungal Diversity Analysis Reveals the Gut Microbial Alterations in Diarrheic Giraffes

Osteoporosis and HIV Infection

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