Evaluation of the Potential for Injury With Remote Drug-Delivery Systems

Cattet, Marc; Bourque, Albert; Elkin, Brett; Powley, Kramer D.; Dahlstrom, Dean B.; Caulkett, Nigel

doi:10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[741:eotpfi]2.0.co;2

Cited by 35 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The darts used were gas-pressurised, constructed of lightweight plastic. This dart type was selected as it has a lower risk of causing injuries than the rapid-injection darts,13 which expel their content by powder charge. However, as seen in the second attempt of the present case, it might happen that the pressurised gas is not enough to expel the whole dart content because of insufficient charge or depressurisation before or during the flight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of general anaesthesia by blowpipe darting in a fractious companion horse

et al. 2018

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A fractious nine-year-old, 520-kg, neutered Swiss Warmblood was presented with a history of anorexia, progressive weight loss and mild hindlimb lameness. Because of its temperament, standard physical examination was considered to be only feasible under general anaesthesia. For safety reasons, general anaesthesia was planned to be induced by blowpipe darting. Two attempts are described and discussed in the present report. The first attempt, using a combination of medetomidine and tiletamine-zolazepam, was unsuccessful. Conversely, detomidine combined with butorphanol, followed by a second dart of detomidine and tiletamine-zolazepam, proved to be adequate to induce anaesthesia. Factors that could have influenced the outcome, such as different therapeutic approach, drug protocol and dosages, stress level, or genetic mutations, are presented and discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of general anaesthesia by blowpipe darting in a fractious companion horse

et al. 2018

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“…That, in turn, decreases dose and volume of drug required for anesthesia. Smaller drug volumes and dart sizes are more suitable for remote drug delivery and less likely to cause injury (Jessup 2001;Cattet et al 2006). The addition of an a 2 -adrenergic agonist to a drug cocktail can inhibit release of noradrenaline and improve analgesia (Langer 1980).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IMMOBILIZATION OF GRIZZLY BEARS (URSUS ARCTOS) WITH DEXMEDETOMIDINE, TILETAMINE, AND ZOLAZEPAM

Teisberg

Farley

Nelson

et al. 2014

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:Safe and effective immobilization of grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) is essential for research and management. Fast induction of anesthesia, maintenance of healthy vital rates, and predictable recoveries are priorities. From September 2010 to May 2012, we investigated these attributes in captive and wild grizzly bears anesthetized with a combination of a reversible a 2 agonist (dexmedetomidine [dexM], the dextrorotatory enantiomer of medetomidine) and a nonreversible N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) agonist and tranquilizer (tiletamine and zolazepam [TZ], respectively). A smaller-than-expected dose of the combination (1.23 mg tiletamine, 1.23 mg zolazepam, and 6.04 mg dexmedetomidine per kg bear) produced reliable, fast ataxia (3.760.5 min, x6SE) and workable anesthesia (8.160.6 min) in captive adult grizzly bears. For wild bears darted from a helicopter, a dose of 2.06 mg tiletamine, 2.06 mg zolazepam, and 10.1 mg dexmedetomidine/ kg produced ataxia in 2.560.3 min and anesthesia in 5.561.0 min. Contrary to published accounts of bear anesthesia with medetomidine, tiletamine, and zolazepam, this combination did not cause hypoxemia or hypoventilation, although mild bradycardia (,50 beats per min) occurred in most bears during the active season. With captive bears, effective dose rates during hibernation were approximately half those during the active season. The time to first signs of recovery after the initial injection of dexMTZ was influenced by heart rate (P,0.001) and drug dose (P,0.001). Intravenous (IV) injection of the reversal agent, atipamezole, significantly decreased recovery time (i.e., standing on all four feet and reacting to the surrounding environment) relative to intramuscular injection. Recovery times (2568 min) following IV injections of the recommended dose of atipamezole (10 mg/mg of dexmedetomidine) and half that dose (5 mg/mg) did not differ. However, we recommend use of the full dose based on the appearance of a more complete recovery. Field trials confirmed that the dexMTZ + atipamezole protocol is safe, reliable, and predictable when administered to wild grizzly bears, especially during helicopter capture operations.

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“…Other factors that may influence induction time include dose, the animal's body weight, physical condition, age, gender, reproductive status, and psychological condition. Use of a RDDS appropriate for the target animal may also be a factor to consider by avoiding reduced drug effects due to trauma, bleeding, or leakage of drugs (Cattet et al 2006). In addition, the choice of needle length is a trade-off (i.e., the needle should be long enough to ensure intramuscular injection without causing serious injury on impact).…”

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confidence: 99%

Chemical Immobilization of Free-ranging Fallow Deer (Dama dama): Effect of Needle Length on Induction Time

Bergvall

Kjellander

Ahlqvist

et al. 2015

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:We evaluated impact of the needle length, sex, and body condition on chemical immobilization induction time in 50 (29 males and 21 females) free-ranging fallow deer (Dama dama) in Sweden, 2006-11. Induction time is probably the single most important factor when immobilizing free-ranging wildlife with the use of a remote drug-delivery system. Induction times should be short to minimize stress and risk of injury, and to ensure that immobilized animals can be found and clinically monitored as soon as possible. We measured the distance between the darting location and where we recovered the immobilized animal and also the time occurring between the two events. We used two types of needles: 2.0 3 30-or 2.0 3 40-mm barbed needles with side ports. The most important result is that a 10-mm-longer dart needle can reduce the retrieval time substantially (.20 min) until an animal is under monitoring. On average after the darting, the retrieval time decreased from 51 to 29 min and the distance decreased from 519 m from the darting location to 294 m. We suggest that a needle length of 40 mm is preferable for immobilization of wild fallow deer, especially for animals in over-average-to-fat body condition.

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Evaluation of the Potential for Injury With Remote Drug-Delivery Systems

Cited by 35 publications

References 8 publications

Induction of general anaesthesia by blowpipe darting in a fractious companion horse

Induction of general anaesthesia by blowpipe darting in a fractious companion horse

IMMOBILIZATION OF GRIZZLY BEARS (URSUS ARCTOS) WITH DEXMEDETOMIDINE, TILETAMINE, AND ZOLAZEPAM

Chemical Immobilization of Free-ranging Fallow Deer (Dama dama): Effect of Needle Length on Induction Time

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