Evaluation of the relationship between placentome perfusion, echotexture, and endocrine changes in cows at the end of pregnancy

Maternal supplementation of curcumin‐olive oil nanocomposite improves uteroplacental blood flow, placental growth and antioxidant capacity in goats

“…Uteroplacentatl thickness and PD are correlated with the stage of pregnancy and foetal development as well as being a major determinant of a stable and healthy pregnancy (Can Demi̇r et al, 2022). The present results show that CONC‐supplemented goats possessed higher values of UPT and PD compared to control goats.…”

“…A total of 3–5 placentomes in different areas of the uterus (cross‐sectional view) were selected either in C‐shape or circular shape for diameter measurements, and their average was recorded/animal (Ali & Hayder, 2007). Placentome echogenicity was evaluated by analysis of pixel intensity of the placentomes' grey‐scale images by a computer‐assisted software programme (Adobe Photoshop 64 cc) following a previous study (Demi̇r et al, 2022). In brief, with standardized and fixed ultrasound settings throughout the study, a minimum of three squares (0.5 × 0.5 cm each) were electronically placed on the frozen B‐mode digital images (a minimum of 3 images/examination) of each placentome to measure the pixel intensity (Can Demi̇r et al, 2022).…”

“…Placentome echogenicity was evaluated by analysis of pixel intensity of the placentomes' grey‐scale images by a computer‐assisted software programme (Adobe Photoshop 64 cc) following a previous study (Demi̇r et al, 2022). In brief, with standardized and fixed ultrasound settings throughout the study, a minimum of three squares (0.5 × 0.5 cm each) were electronically placed on the frozen B‐mode digital images (a minimum of 3 images/examination) of each placentome to measure the pixel intensity (Can Demi̇r et al, 2022). The examination was terminated if there were any discomfort or stressful conditions.…”

“…The increase in NO (potent vascular dilator and moderator) levels, noted in the NC goats, could illustrate the hemodynamic improvements in the uterine artery and UMA. The FRs can oxidize NO to form a highly peroxidative molecule, namely peroxynitrite; higher bioavailable NO affirms the protective and antioxidative potential of CONC.Several in vitro studies reported that nano CUR induces uterine artery relaxation in goats, via different pathways, such as Na + -K + ATPase augmentation(Parija et al, 2021), aminoguanidinesensitive iNOS activation(Jandhyam & Parija, 2018b), K + channels opening(Jandhyam & Parija, 2018a), transient potential vanilloid receptor 1 sensitization(Parija & Jandhyam, 2018) and endothelialbased stimulation of NO, prostaglandin I 2 , soluble guanylyl cyclase(Jandhyam & Parija, 2019).Uteroplacentatl thickness and PD are correlated with the stage of pregnancy and foetal development as well as being a major determinant of a stable and healthy pregnancy(Can Demi ̇r et al, 2022).…”

Emotional temperaments in advanced pregnant goats and its relationship with the feto-maternal blood flow and placentome echotexture

“…This study’s other objective was to evaluate the impact of temperament (nervous versus calm animals) on the variations in Doppler sonographic measurements of the measured blood vessels before and after xylazine sedation using the recommended dose (0.05 mg/kg body weight; Mandour et al 2020 ) in the advanced pregnant goats (last two weeks). Assessment of the echotextural changes of placentomes provides insight into the placental and uterine artery blood flow and placental maturation, particularly in the last days of gestation and approaching the parturition (Can Demi et al 2022 ). Therefore, the study also looks into how the xylazine sedation and animal temperament factors affect the echotexture of the placentome and circulating cortisol concentrations.…”