Evaluation of theoretical models for anisotropic effective thermal conductivity in continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastic laminates

Abstract

Purpose Continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites are a class of materials highly valuable for structural applications and modeling of heat transfer within them is critical to the design of their processing methods. However, the fiber reinforcement leads to highly anisotropic thermal conduction. Among a variety of methods to account for anisotropic thermal conductivity, continuum models with effective media approximation thermal conductivity are computationally efficient and require minimal data to begin modeling a specific composite material. The purpose of this study is to evalute the utility of these models. Design/methodology/approach In this work, six potential effective media approximation models are evaluated against experimental heating data. Thick (>25 mm) glass fiber-reinforced polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PET-G) specimens with 40% fiber volume fraction were heated with embedded resistance heating to produce validation and testing data sets. A two-dimensional finite-difference solver was implemented using each of the six effective media approximation models. The accuracy of each model is compared. Findings The model developed by Cheng and Vachon was found to predict the experimental results most accurately. Fit statistics were similar in the testing and validation data sets. This model is recommended for simulation of transient heating in continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites with low-to-moderate fiber volume fractions. Originality/value There are a wide variety of mathematical models for effective media approximation thermal conductivity, though very few have been applied to continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites. This work shows that the simplest methods based on rules of mixtures are well outperformed by more modern and complex models, and should be incorporated for accurate prediction of heating during thermal processing of fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites.