Evaluation of titanium dioxide as an inert marker for estimating faecal excretion in grazing sheep

Glindemann, T.; Tas, B.M.; Wang, C.; Alvers, S.; Susenbeth, A.

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2009.04.010

Cited by 78 publications

(58 citation statements)

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“…Additionally, the fecal contents of external markers decreased below average contents during vespertine and nocturnal periods. Similar patterns were reported for chromic oxide by Smith & Reid (1955), Brisson et al, (1957) and Hooper (1978); and for titanium dioxide by Myers et al (2006) and Glindemann et al (2009). On the other hand, the internal markers, even presented decrease in contents during vespertine period, kept fecal contents close to average concentration in the nocturnal period (Figures 1 and 2).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 69%

“…The titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) has been suggested as an alternative to oxide chromic in ruminant assays (Titgemeyer et al, 2001;Myers et al, 2006;Glindemann et al, 2009;Sampaio et al, 2011). This compound is usually present in some products for human feeding and has no limitation concerning its inclusion in animal food (Sampaio et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fecal excretion patterns and short term bias of internal and external markers in a digestion assay with cattle

et al. 2011

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The objective of this work was to evaluate the fecal excretion profile and the short term bias of the external markers chromic oxide and titanium dioxide and the internal markers indigestible dry matter (iDM), indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF) and indigestible acid detergent fiber (iADF) in a digestion trial with cattle fed different diets. Fourteen F1 Red Angus × Nellore bulls averaging 12 months old and 287 kg were kept in individual stalls. The animals were fed elephant grass silage, corn silage or signal grass hay, supplemented or not with 20% of concentrate mixture. The experiment consisted of two 13-day experimental periods according to a 2 × 2 Latin square design with seven squares grouping. The animals received 10 g of chromic oxide and 10 g of titanium dioxide through esophageal sounder daily. Fecal grab samples were obtained directly from the rectum of the animals at 1:30 a.m., 3:00 a.m., 4:30 a.m., 6:00 a.m., 7:30 a.m., 9:00 a.m., 10:30 a.m., 12:00 p.m., 1:30 p.m., 3:00 p.m., 4:30 p.m., 6:00 p.m., 7:30 p.m., 9:00 p.m., 10:30 p.m. and 12:00 a.m. There was no effect of forages or concentrate levels on the dimension of excretory cycle. The fundamental period of excretory cycle was 15.06 and 18.66 hours for chromic oxide and titanium dioxide, respectively and 9.93, 9.29 and 10.55 hours for iDM, iNDF and iADF, respectively. The oscillation range was higher for external markers. Considering the characteristics of all evaluated markers together, it is recommended fecal sampling designs with at least four collections, distributed during the day or only in the diurnal period for obtaining fecal excretion estimates free of short term bias.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecal excretion patterns and short term bias of internal and external markers in a digestion assay with cattle

et al. 2011

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“…The titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) has been used as alternative to oxide chromic and suitable results have been obtained in assays with non-ruminant (Jagger et al, 1992;Short et al, 1996) and ruminant animals (Titgemeyer et al, 2001;Myers et al, 2006;Glindemann et al, 2009). This compound is usually present in some products for human feeding and has no limitation concerning its inclusion in animal food.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most evaluations are concerned non-tropical conditions (Titgemeyer et al, 2001;Myers et al, 2004;Glindemann et al, 2009) and studies on its use in the tropics are still incipient (Marcondes et al, 2006;Ferreira et al, 2009a;2009b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of fecal recovering and long term bias of internal and external markers in a digestion assay with cattle

et al. 2011

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-The objective of this work was to estimate the total recovering and the long term bias of the estimates of fecal excretion using the external markers chromic oxide and titanium dioxide and internal markers indigestible dry matter (iDM), indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF) and indigestible acid detergent fiber (iADF) in a digestion assay with cattle fed different diets. Fourteen F1 Red Angus × Nellore averaging 12 months and 287 kg were used. The animals were fed with elephant grass silage, corn silage or signal grass hay and supplemented or not with 20% of concentrate. The experiment consisted of two 13-days experimental periods according to a 2 × 2 Latin square design with seven squares. The animals received 10 g/d of chromic oxide and titanium dioxide through esophageal sounder. There was no effect of forage, concentrate or their interaction on fecal recovering of external and internal markers. The average fecal recovering of chromic oxide and titanium dioxide were 99.50% and 101.95%, respectively. iDM, iNDF and iADF presented average fecal recovering of 99.02%, 98.87% and 102.07%, respectively. For all markers the fecal recovering was found to be 100% and all of them presented no long term bias. However, higher precision was observed for fecal excretion estimates obtained with internal markers. Todos os indicadores avaliados podem ser considerados isentos de vício de tempo longo. Contudo, maior precisão é verificada para as estimativas de excreção fecal obtidas com indicadores internos.Palavras-chave: dióxido de titânio, fibra em detergente ácido indigestível, fibra em detergente neutro indigestível, matéria seca indigestível, óxido crômico Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia

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“…All feed and fecal sampleswere then analyzed for DM, CF, EE and N according tothe procedures outlined by the AOAC (1995). TiO 2 was analyzed using UV absorption spectrophotometry according tothe method described by Short et al (1996), Kavanagh et al (2001) and Glindemann et al (2009).The proper care and use of the animals in theseresearch procedures were approved by the Naresuan University Animal Care and Use Committee (NUACUC No.57 04 0031). All data were subjected to statistical analysis by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the SPSS statistical software (Ver.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Crude Palm Oil in Finishing Pigs’ Diet: Effects on Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility

Tartrakoon¹,

Khanchit²,

Phomsak³

et al. 2016

AGR

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The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of including crude palm oil (CPO) in the diet of finishing pigs in terms of growth performance and nutrient digestibility. In the first experiment, 40 barrows and 40 gilts (Duroc×LargeWhite×Landrace) were divided into five groups using a randomized complete block design. CPO, soybean oil (SBO) and poultry fat (PF) were mixed and divided into CPOmix11 (CPO 50% + PF 50%), CPOmix13 (CPO 50% + SBO 50%), CPOmix21 (CPO 75% + PF 25%) and CPOmix23 (CPO 83% + PF 17%). Each group of pigs was randomly fed two diets at 50-80 and 80-100 kgBW. Group 1 comprised the pigs fed diet10 (without oil inclusion) and diet20 (without oil inclusion). Group 2 comprised the pigs fed diet11 (1% CPOmix11) and diet21 (1% CPOmix21). Group 3 comprised the pigs fed diet13 (3% CPOmix13) and diet23 (3% CPOmix23). Group 4 comprised the pigs fed diet10 and diet 21. Group 5 comprised the pigs fed diet10 and diet23. The results showed that the pigs fed diet23 (Group 5) at 80-100 kgBW tended to have the greatest performance and lowest feed cost. In the second experiment, nutrient digestibility was examined in six barrows (initial 50 kgBW) using a 3×3 double Latin square design. Each set of two pigs was randomly fed diet10, diet11 or diet13. The highest (P<0.01) digestibility of dry matter, protein, crude fiber and ash and the greatest (P<0.01) digestible energy and metabolizable energy were found in diet13. The inclusion of 3% CPOmix23 in the diet at80-100 kgBW might improve finishing pig performance, and the 3% of CPOmix13 in the diet improved nutrient digestibility.Keywords: crude palm oil, finishing pigs, growth performance, nutrient digestibility. AGROFOR InternationalJournal, Vol. 1, Issue No. 2, 2016 29 INTRODUCTIONFats and oils have the highest average energy density of all macronutrients. Besides having high caloric value, some fats and oils like crude palm oil(CPO) can be a primary source of essential fatty acids, which cannot be synthesized by pigs, as well as fat-soluble vitamins and antioxidants such as phytosterols, tocopherols and carotenoids that help preserve and stabilize fats. These micronutrients are essential for animal health, growth and carcass quality. Moreover, the use of particular types of fats and oils in pig rations affect the metabolizable energy of the total rations beyond the calculated energy of the diet. Finally, fats and oils can play a significant role in creating pelleted products and controlling mill and barn dust. CPO is extracted from the mesocarp of the fruit of the oil palm tree, Elaeis guineensis. Palm oil and its refinery products are now consumed worldwide as cooking oil and in a wide variety of foodstuffs (Pantzaris, 1995). CPO has a dark orange-red color due to its high carotenoid content. It is also a rich source of vitamin E, namely tocopherols and tocotrienols (Nesaretnam and Muhammad, 1993). Both β-carotene and vitamin E are well-known nutritional antioxidants. The over-expanding production of palm oil in Thailand and other tropical countries of...

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Evaluation of titanium dioxide as an inert marker for estimating faecal excretion in grazing sheep

Cited by 78 publications

References 12 publications

Fecal excretion patterns and short term bias of internal and external markers in a digestion assay with cattle

Fecal excretion patterns and short term bias of internal and external markers in a digestion assay with cattle

Evaluation of fecal recovering and long term bias of internal and external markers in a digestion assay with cattle

The Use of Crude Palm Oil in Finishing Pigs’ Diet: Effects on Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility

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