Evaluation of Water Quality Using Pollution Index in Cimanuk Watershed, Indonesia

Abstract

Land use is one of the macro parameters that affects water quality in a watershed. The Cimanuk watershed which is dominated by agricultural land use and settlements has encountered a decline in water quality. There are eight parameters including pH, TDS, TSS, Nitrate, Phosphate, Sulphate, BOD, and COD analyzed to evaluate water quality utilizing the Pollution Index (IP) method. This research has provided a clear understanding of the status of water quality in the Cimanuk watershed based on six monitoring points carried out at the start of the 2018 rainy season. Overall, the IP values obtained ranged from 2.05 to 5.96 with the lightly polluted category at points A, B, C, D, and E, while for point F it was in the moderately polluted category. The key parameters that have the most influence on water quality pollution are Nitrate, Phosphate, Sulphate from fertilization activities in agricultural land, while runoff from settlements contribute to increasing parameters of BOD and COD. These results can be beneficial for sustainable management of water and land resources in the Cimanuk watershed.

Assessment of Surface Water Quality Status Using the Pollution Index Method in Tukad Badung River

“…Pollutant sources from settlements and agricultural uses impact the increasing TSS parameters in the water (Nurrohman et al, 2019). This land use allows erosion of suspended soil particles that enter the river and increases the concentration of suspended solids (Agustira and Jamilah, 2013).…”

“…Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) Indicators of organic matter content in water can be known by determining the appropriate level of oxygen consumption to stabilize the water. The need for oxygen is expressed in the parameters BOD and COD (Nurrohman et al, 2019). The BOD5 concentration in river water samples ranged from 2.01 -12.08 mg/L, which indicates water conditions that do not meet quality standards at all sampling points.…”

“…Factors of salinity, temperature, turbulence and atmospheric tension affect the quantity of oxygen contained in the water. At high temperatures and low atmospheric pressure, the dissolved oxygen content will decrease (Nurrohman et al, 2019). According to the map of land usage, which is presented in figure 1., all of the sampling points are covered with settlements…”

“…Examining the purity of the water near the surface, especially raw water sources used for drinking water, is important because it can be one of the reasons for toxic chemicals spread and pathogenic microorganisms (Haseena et al 2017, Bwire et al, 2020. Determining water quality using a simple method and easy-to-understand interpretation of results is necessary, given the complexity of the data resulting from the water quality assessment process (Nurrohman et al, 2019).…”

Pollution Index Analysis and Water Pollution Control Strategy in Berenyok River, Tanjung Karang, Mataram City

“…This method produces a value indicating the relative pollution against the water quality standards. In recent years, some studies have been carried out to determine river water quality using the Pollution Index method (Nurrohman et al, 2019;Suriadikusumah et al, 2021;Widodo et al, 2019). Based on the elaborated problems above, the aims of the study are to (1) analyse the quality of water in Berenyok river, Tanjung Karang, Mataram city, (2) calculate the water pollution index and (3) formulate a water pollution control strategy for Berenyok river.…”