Evaluation of Wipe Sampling Procedures and Elemental Surface Contamination

Lichtenwalner, Charles P.

doi:10.1080/15298669291360300

Cited by 21 publications

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“…Experimental work by Shoji et al (2010) showed that this value is indeed appropriate for polyvinyl chloride flooring wiped with foamed polystyrene pads (appendix B). More information on wipe-sampling methods and on values of the removal factor (wiping or collection efficiency) can for instance be found in the following references: (Frame and Abelquist 1999), (Jung et al 2001), (Verkouteren et al 2008), (McArthur 1992, (US EPA 2011a), (Lichtenwalner 1992), (Sugiura et al 2007), (Ichiji and Ogino 2011), (Barbieri et al 2009).…”

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confidence: 99%

SUDOQU, a new dose-assessment methodology for radiological surface contamination

Dillen

Dijk²

2018

J. Radiol. Prot.

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A new methodology has been developed for the assessment of the annual effective dose resulting from removable and fixed radiological surface contamination. It is entitled SUDOQU (SUrface DOse QUantification) and it can for instance be used to derive criteria for surface contamination related to the import of non-food consumer goods, containers and conveyances, e.g., limiting values and operational screening levels. SUDOQU imposes mass (activity)-balance equations based on radioactive decay, removal and deposition processes in indoor and outdoor environments. This leads to time-dependent contamination levels that may be of particular importance in exposure scenarios dealing with one or a few contaminated items only (usually public exposure scenarios, therefore referred to as the 'consumer' model). Exposure scenarios with a continuous flow of freshly contaminated goods also fall within the scope of the methodology (typically occupational exposure scenarios, thus referred to as the 'worker model'). In this paper we describe SUDOQU, its applications, and its current limitations. First, we delineate the contamination issue, present the assumptions and explain the concepts. We describe the relevant removal, transfer, and deposition processes, and derive equations for the time evolution of the radiological surface-, air- and skin-contamination levels. These are then input for the subsequent evaluation of the annual effective dose with possible contributions from external gamma radiation, inhalation, secondary ingestion (indirect, from hand to mouth), skin contamination, direct ingestion and skin-contact exposure. The limiting effective surface dose is introduced for issues involving the conservatism of dose calculations. SUDOQU can be used by radiation-protection scientists/experts and policy makers in the field of e.g. emergency preparedness, trade and transport, exemption and clearance, waste management, and nuclear facilities. Several practical examples are worked out demonstrating the potential applications of the methodology.

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confidence: 99%

SUDOQU, a new dose-assessment methodology for radiological surface contamination

Dillen

Dijk²

2018

J. Radiol. Prot.

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“…Por fim, mais importante que tudo, a caracterização é um requisito regulatório [17]. O método usual de se obter amostras de superfícies contaminadas é a amostragem por esfregaço [18], com o qual a área a ser amostrada é esfregada com um disco de papel ou tecido absorventes. O disco é então colocado no receptáculo apropriado de um detector de esfregaço e 'contado' pela detecção das emissões alfa, beta ou gama.…”

Section: Os Padrões De Segurança Da Agência Internacional De Energiaunclassified

Sistema de captura de aerossóis gerados em ablação com laser para amostragem de superfícies contaminadas

Rosa¹

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A Gerência de Rejeitos Radioativos do IPEN já se utiliza da técnica de ablação por laser para descontaminação de peças superficialmente contaminadas por material radioativo. Esta tecnologia, porém, demonstrou grande potencial para caracterização destes rejeitos com o objetivo de levantar o Inventário Radioisotópico de peças. As técnicas atuais para levantar este inventário (esfregaço e modelagem físico-matemática) sofrem de grandes limitações de implementação e de precisão. O objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver o projeto de uma sonda de ablação por laser acoplada a um módulo de sucção e captura por filtro do particulado ejetado na ablação, permitindo envio do filtro para análise de emissões radioativas para classificação de radioisótopos. Descritores: Ablação por Laser, Inventário Radioisotópico, ContaminaçãoRadioativa ABSTRACT The department Gerência de Rejeitos Radioativos (Radioactive Waste Management) from IPEN has already used the laser ablation technique for superficial decontamination of parts. This technique has also shown great potential for characterization of this waste with the purpose of rising data for the Radioisotopic Inventory of parts. The current techniques for this purpose (wipe sampling and physical modeling) lack the accuracy and practicality. The objective of this study is to develop the project of an instrument of laser ablation engaged with a module for sucking and capturing (by filter) the particulate ejected from the ablation, allowing the filter to be analyzed in laboratory for radioisotopic classification through radioactive emission.

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Occupational Dermal Exposure Assessment

Nylander‐French¹

2003

Patty's Industrial Hygiene

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The skin is generally considered to be a good barrier to the systemic absorption of chemicals. However, many chemicals can partially or fully breach the skin where they may be metabolized, and interact with dermal macromolecules or components of the skin immune system, and then be systemically absorbed and distributed. Thus, dermal exposure to chemical substances can contribute significantly to the total systemic dose as well as result in acute or chronic skin toxicity and disease. Skin diseases related to occupational exposure are the second most prevalent type of occupational disease. From 1983 to 1994, occupational skin diseases increased by 26%. In 1994, approximately 66,000 cases were reported, which accounted for 13% of all occupational related disease. Since occupational skin diseases are believed to be severely under‐reported, the actual rate may be much higher. Total costs (including lost productivity) have been estimated at $1 billion annually. Given such widespread prevalence of skin diseases, we need better measures for predicting, quantifying, and preventing dermal exposure to hazardous agents. Dermal exposure to hazardous chemicals in the workplace has become an important occupational hygiene issue and a growing field of interest to health professionals in occupational hygiene and dermatology. Dermal exposure has been indicated as the primary source for the systemic exposure from chlorophenols, polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), glycol ethers, chlorpyrifos, acrylamide, cyclophosphamide, and 4,4’‐methylene dianiline. Exposure to chemicals, which may interact with endogenous nucleophilic sites in the skin directly (e.g., electrophilic isocyanates) or following metabolism to reactive metabolites (e.g., benzo[a]pyrene diolepoxide), has not been systematically investigated and is poorly understood. The deposition, absorption, and uptake of chemicals into and through the epidermis, and the biological consequences of dermal penetration are also difficult to measure. Thus, the significance of adverse health effects associated with dermal exposure is difficult to evaluate. A major limitation to our understanding and development of this area of research has been the absence of a reliable noninvasive method to determine chemical‐specific skin deposition and to investigate mechanisms of dermal toxicity. Thus, the threshold dose required to induce an adverse effect and toxicity from occupational and environmental exposure conditions cannot be determined accurately. Methods to assess the significance of dermal exposure are limited in number and scope. The current methods available for measuring dermal exposure, e.g., removal tecniques, surrogate techniques, fluorescence techniques, all suffer from fundamental problems and have not been adequately documented and validated. This chapter reviews and summarizes our current knowledge on dermal exposure assessment, and reviews and evaluates the current sampling methods.

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Evaluation of Wipe Sampling Procedures and Elemental Surface Contamination

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

SUDOQU, a new dose-assessment methodology for radiological surface contamination

SUDOQU, a new dose-assessment methodology for radiological surface contamination

Sistema de captura de aerossóis gerados em ablação com laser para amostragem de superfícies contaminadas

Occupational Dermal Exposure Assessment

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