Evaluation of yeast and bacterial based probiotics for early rearing of Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822)

Abstract

Relatively poorly developed digestive and immune systems appear as key factors for low survivability and reduced growth rate of major carp during early development stages. Here, an attempt has been made to improve the digestive capability and immune response of Labeo rohita larvae by feeding diets supplemented with yeast and bacterial based probiotics Geotrichum candidumQAUGC‐01 and Bacillus cereus,locally isolated from yogurt and gastrointestinal tract of an adult healthy L. rohita respectively, and evaluate their effects on the survival, growth, digestive enzyme activity, muscle composition and intestinal bacterial load. Eleven week feeding experiment in triplicate with four groups was conducted in a completely randomized design. Control group was given only basal feed devoid of probiotic, T1 and T2 groups was provided basal diet supplemented with G. candidum and B. cereus respectively at similar rate, that is, 1 × 109 CFU/g feed, while T3 group was fed a diet supplemented with consortium of both probiotics, each at the rate of 1 × 109 CFU/g feed. G. candidum showed the most significant effect (p < 0.001) on final weight, SGR, biomass, survival (%), microbial gut count and muscle composition. Intestinal enzymes activities also showed significant variation, as amylase activity was significantly (p < 0.001) higher in T1, while T3 group of fish showed higher activity of cellulase and protease. Likewise, after challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila, T1 group showed significantly (p < 0.001) higher survival. This study signifies the higher efficiency of G. candidum in comparison to B. cereus and suggests its inclusion in the diet for early rearing of L. rohita.

Immunomodulation by dietary supplements: A preventive health strategy for sustainable aquaculture of tropical freshwater fish, Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822)

“…84 Both alginates and probiotics have been reported for their role in improving immunological response during the early rearing cycle of fishes. 88 This has been substantiated by an equivalent study on L. rohita, 89 and further elaborated with the augmentation of haematoimmunological indices and modulation of immune-responsive gene expression, in L. rohita fingerlings. 84 In addition to yeast cells and fungal probiotic species, Bacillus species have been reviewed as the most suitable probiotic candidates for potentiating the immune health of aquatic animals.…”

Multistrain probiotics use in main commercially cultured freshwater fish: a systematic review of evidence

“…The administration of yeast S. cerevisiae alone elicited higher growth of common carp in comparison to a mixture of S. cerevisiae with L. acidophilus (Dhanaraj et al 2010). Similarly, the yeast Geotrichum candidum presented higher intestinal enzyme production and survival after an experimental infection with A. hydrophila in rohu, in comparison to its mixture with B. cereus (Amir et al 2018). Park et al (2016) showed in rainbow trout that B. subtilis administered as a monostrain yielded better growth performance than when combined with B. licheniformis.…”

“…Only two of the 81 studies measured probiotic viability at various times and temperatures. Using plate counts, Amir et al (2018) examined the viability of fungal and bacterial strains before and after feed preparation and during feed storage, but the results were not published. Aly et al (2008a) assessed weekly the viability of three Nile tilapia dietary probiotic bacteria during storage over 5 weeks at 4 and 25°C, showing that viability varied with storage temperatures.…”

“…freundii, Candida parapsilosis, Pseudomonas spp. (with P. aeruginosa highly represented), Micrococcus luteus, Lactobacillus plantarum, L. fermentum, L. acidophilus, L. brevis, L. rhamnosus, L. lactis, Pediococcus pentosaceus and P. parvulus (Aly et al 2008a;El-Rhman et al 2009;Giri et al 2014;Ap un-Molina et al 2015;Ridha & Azad 2016;Maji et al 2017;Amir et al 2018;Van Doan et al 2018;Xia et al 2018). Giri et al (2014) showed that a mixture of B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa and L. plantarum isolated from the gut of roho labeo enhanced growth, immune response and survival after A. hydrophila challenge in juvenile L. rohita.…”

Dietary cobalt supplementation improves growth and body composition and induces the expression of growth and stress response genes in Tor putitora

“…A control diet without Co supplementation was also prepared. Feed pellets were prepared following standard methods, dried and saved in Ziploc bags as described previously (Amir et al 2018). Fresh feed was prepared after every 15 days.…”