Evaluation Ofhalal Tallow and Haram Lardcombinations on Growth Performance, Immunity, Cecalmicrobiology and Noxious Gas Emissionsin Boilers.

Abstract

The study was conducted with an aim to study the animal fat as single (halal tallow) and combined state (halal tallow and haram lard combination) on growth performance, relative organ weight, cecal microbiology and noxious gas concentration in broilers on the aspect of halal ethical issue. Following completely randomized design, a total of 96 day old Ross broiler chicks were allocated into two treatments (TLO: Basal diet with tallow; TPL: Basal diet with tallow+lard), where there was six replications with eight birds per replicate pen. Feed and water was provided ad libitum with dividing starter (0 to 3 weeks) and finisher (4 to 5 weeks) period. The result revealed that, growth performancedid not differ between TLO and TPL (P>0.05); however, immunity (IgM) was higher in TLO in comparison to TPL (P<0.05). Among the internal organs, small intestine, large intestine and cecum weight was higher in TLO relative to the TPL (P<0.05).In addition, cecal and excreta pH was lower in TLO than the TPL (P<0.05); where, among cecalmicrobiology, Bacillus sp. count was higher in TLO compared to TPL (P<0.05). Excreta noxious gas concentration data revealed that, ammonia gas was lower in TLO during 0 hour, 3 hour and 12 hour incubation period, while the average value also significantly lower in TLO in relation to the TPL (P<0.05). The hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide gas did not differ between TLO and TPL (P>0.05). Economic analysis data elucidated that, there was no significant difference for cost per unit of gain between TLO and TPL (P>0.05). The result suggested that, tallow and lard combination has no negative impact on the growth performance; however, there was higher excreta noxious gas concentration, which is one of the important issues for the environmental aspects from the broiler industry. Therefore, single use of animal fat (halal tallow) for halal broiler production are preferred instead of combination with another animal fat (haram lard).

Effect of adding pomegranate (Punica granatum) and moringa (Moringa oleifera) in productive performance, relative growth rate, water consumption and production index of broiler chickens

“…In it, 180 unsexed one-day-old broiler chicks were usedRoss308 average weight is 40 g, the chicks were raised on four Batteries, and each battery has three floors, and each floor contains 2 cages away(1 x 1 m), inside a 6 x 12 m hall. Chicks were randomly distributed into six experimental treatments, with 30 chicks for each treatment, and three replications for each treatment (10).chicks/Duplicate), The chicks were fed on readymade rations (fodder pellets). (Pellet, which was prepared from local markets, produced by the Oasis Factory) and included three relationships: The first bush Starter (Crude Protein 22-23%)And the3010Kk represented energy It was used from the age of 1-14 days and the second diet (crude protein percentage 21-22%)And the3100Kk represented energy) used From the age of 15-28 days and the third diet (crude protein percentage 18-19%And the315th0Kk represented energy) was used from day 29 until the end of the experiment at the age of 42 days.…”

“…[9] that pomegranate peels contain active compounds such as polyphenols (binoclagen and ellagic acid) that give them antioxidant properties and thus maintain vitality and activity of the cell, and this, in turn, is reflected in the vitality and activity of the body. [10]concluded that the high levels of fermented pomegranate peel 2% in broiler diets, led to a significant improvement in both body weight, weight gain, and feed conversion factor compared to levels of 0.5 and 1%. Explained [11]The addition of aqueous extract of pomegranate peels in three concentrations of 50, 75, and 100 ml / per liter for drinking broilers.…”

Effects of Harmful Gases Emitted from Poultry Houses on Productive and Health Performance

“…Compared to other animals (dairy and swine), poultry occupies the leading position in the quantities of H2S (0.33 ppm) emitted in houses [73]. In addition, the source of fat added to chicken diets plays a role in the quantities emitted from this gas [74]. In the direct form of the effect, at high concentrations, the bird's respiratory system is affected immediately, Klentz and Fedde [75] indicated that exposing the birds to a concentration of 4000 ppm caused an increase in the respiratory frequency and finally the death of the bird within a short period (15 minutes).…”