The green economic development ability (GEDA) is crucial to long-term sustainable development. Based on the relevant data from 2008 to 2018, this paper sets up an evaluation index system of the GEDA, and uses the entropy method to evaluate and analyze the GEDAs of central China's Hubei Province in the sample period. The results show that the GEDA of Hubei Province improved significantly in the 11 years from 2008 to 2018; the resource and environment carrying capacity (RECC) contributed the greatest to the GEDA improvement, followed by economic greenness and policy support. However, the RECC index had clear oscillations in the sample period. As a result, Hubei Province should further strengthen the protection of resources and ecology, and raise concerns about the environment and climate change.