Evaporation estimates from Nasser Lake, Egypt, based on three floating station data and Bowen ratio energy budget

Elsawwaf, Mohamed; Willems, Patrick; Pagano, Andrea; Berlamont, Jean

doi:10.1007/s00704-009-0168-z

Cited by 50 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The lake is located in a very hot, dry climate with an annual evaporation ranging from 2.1 to 2.6 m/y [19]. The annual rainfall over the lake is negligible [20].…”

Section: Lake Nassermentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Reservoir Discharges from Lake Nasser and Roseires Reservoir in the Nile Basin Using Satellite Altimetry and Imagery Data

et al. 2014

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This paper presents the feasibility of estimating discharges from Roseires Reservoir (Sudan) for the period from 2002 to 2010 and Aswan High Dam/Lake Nasser (Egypt) for the periods 1999-2002 and 2005-2009 using satellite altimetry and imagery with limited in situ data. Discharges were computed using the water balance of the reservoirs. Rainfall and evaporation data were obtained from public domain data sources. In situ measurements of inflow and outflow (for validation) were obtained, as well. The other water balance components, such as the water level and surface area, for derivation of the change of storage volume were derived from satellite measurements. Water levels were obtained from Hydroweb for Roseires Reservoir and Hydroweb and Global Reservoir and Lake Monitor (GRLM) for Lake Nasser. Water surface areas were derived from Landsat TM/ETM+ images using the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI). The water volume variations were estimated by integrating the area-level relationship of each reservoir. For Roseires Reservoir, the water levels from Hydroweb agreed well with in situ water levels (RMSE = 0.92 m; R 2 = 0.96). Good agreement with in situ measurements were also obtained for estimated water volume (RMSE = 23%; R 2 = 0.94) and computed discharge (RMSE = 18%; R 2 = 0.98). The accuracy of the computed discharge was considered acceptable for typical reservoir operation applications. For Lake Nasser, OPEN ACCESSRemote Sens. 2014, 6 7523 the altimetry water levels also agreed well with in situ levels, both for Hydroweb (RMSE = 0.72 m; R 2 = 0.81) and GRLM (RMSE = 0.62 m; R 2 = 0.96) data. Similar agreements were also observed for the estimated water volumes (RMSE = 10%-15%). However, the estimated discharge from satellite data agreed poorly with observed discharge, Hydroweb (RMSE = 70%; R 2 = 0.09) and GRLM (RMSE = 139%; R 2 = 0.36). The error could be attributed to the high sensitivity of discharge to errors in storage volume because of the immense reservoir compared to inflow/outflow series. It may also be related to unaccounted spills into the Toshka Depression, overestimation of water inflow and errors in open water evaporation. Therefore, altimetry water levels and satellite imagery data can be used as a source of information for monitoring the operation of Roseires Reservoir with a fairly low uncertainty, while the errors of Lake Nasser are too large to allow for the monitoring of its operation.

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“…The lake is located in a very hot, dry climate with an annual evaporation ranging from 2.1 to 2.6 m/y [19]. The annual rainfall over the lake is negligible [20].…”

Section: Lake Nassermentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Reservoir Discharges from Lake Nasser and Roseires Reservoir in the Nile Basin Using Satellite Altimetry and Imagery Data

et al. 2014

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“…Obtaining lake temperature and meteorological variables directly at the lake surface using a raft station is not common because of its high cost. Studies on lake evaporation that estimate heat storage from measurements made from raft stations are few but are available from Williams Lake, Minnesota (Sturrock et al, 1992), Lake Serra Azul, Brazil (dos Reis and Dias, 1998), Mirror Lake, New Hampshire , Lake Valkea-Kotinen, Finland (Nordbo et al, 2011), Nasser Lake, Egypt (Elsawwaf et al, 2010), Lake Lucerne, Florida (Lee et al, 1991), Wetland P1 in the Cottonwood Lake area, North Dakota (Parkhurst et al, 1998), and Lake Taihu, China (Wang et al, 2014). A simpler method for estimating evaporation is the Penman equation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaporation in a Mediterranean environment by energy budget and Penman methods, Lake Baratz, Sardinia, Italy

Giadrossich

Niedda

Cohen

et al. 2015

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. In Mediterranean environments, evaporation is a key component of lake water budgets. This applies to Lake Baratz in Sardinia, Italy, a closed lake that almost dried up in 2008 after a succession of years with low seasonal rainfall. We used the energy budget method and Penman's equation to estimate evaporation over Lake Baratz. We measured, using a raft station, water temperature at the surface, at 1, 2, 4, 6 m depth and at the bottom of the lake, as well as air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and net radiation over a period of 3 years. We also compared Penman's equation and the energy budget method in two other climatic zones using published data. Our results indicate that mean yearly evaporation over Lake Baratz was 950 mm. On an annual scale, evaporation estimated by Penman's method omitting heat storage as is usually done was 18 % higher than by the energy budget method that included heat storage, with monthly differences ranging between −38 and +60 %. Including the heat storage term in Penman's equation changed the monthly values but did not change the yearly value significantly. Solar radiation and heat storage were found to be the most important energy fluxes to and from the lake and had the greatest effect on evaporation rates for the energy budget method. The bias between the two methods has a seasonal cycle due to the storage and release of energy from the lake. Energy advected to and from the lake by precipitation, surface water and ground water had minor effect on evaporation rates. Lake Baratz, like other lakes in a Mediterranean environment, is particularly sensitive to the summer hot and dry climate. In contrast, we found that rates of evaporation estimated from Penman and the energy budget methods over tropical African lakes were nearly constant over the entire year and the difference between the two methods smaller. Difference between the two methods for North American lakes is also smaller probably owing to the ice-cover season and to lower radiation and lower temperatures during summer.

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“…Consequently, we are confident that the combined annual evaporation, 1471.3 mm, is quite convincing as the annual lake evaporation and standard representation of the lower Heihe River's annual ET 0 . Open water evaporation, reference evapotranspiration and pan evaporation are used to represent regional ET 0 [52,[79][80][81]. We converted E601 and φ20 pan evaporation at Ejina weather station with the conversion coefficient of 0.76 and 0.48 (referred to a research based on similar arid climate settings in Tarim River Basin [77]), the results demonstrating that the lower Heihe River's ET 0 represented by pan evaporation was 1565.9 mm.…”

Section: Floating Pan Evaporation's Representativeness and Reliabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Lake Evaporation in a Hyper-Arid Environment, Northwest of China—Measurement and Estimation

Liu

Wang

et al. 2016

Water

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Lake evaporation is a critical component of the hydrological cycle. Quantifying lake evaporation in hyper-arid regions by measurement and estimation can both provide reliable potential evaporation (ET 0 ) reference and promote a deeper understanding of the regional hydrological process and its response towards changing climate. We placed a floating E601 evaporation pan on East Juyan Lake, which is representative of arid regions' terminal lakes, to measure daily evaporation and conducted simultaneous bankside synoptic observation during the growing season of 2013-2015. A semi-empirical evaporation model derived from Dalton model was parameterized and validated with measured data. The model was then used to estimate lake evaporation during 2002-2015. According to in situ measurements, maximum, minimum and mean lake evaporation were 8.1, 3.7 and 6.5 mm/day, and growing season evaporation was 1183.3 mm (~80% of the annual amount). Adding up non-growing season evaporation that we converted from φ20 pan evaporation at Ejina weather station, the annual mean lake evaporation, 1471.3 mm, was representative of lower Heihe River's ET 0 . Model inter-comparison implied our model performed well both in simplicity and accuracy and has potential utilization in a data-sparse area. In 2002-2015, estimated mean daily evaporation was 6.5 mm/day and growing season evaporation was 1233.7 mm. Trend analysis of estimated evaporation proved the evaporation paradox's existence in this hyper-arid region and validated complementary relationship theory's adaptability.

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Evaporation estimates from Nasser Lake, Egypt, based on three floating station data and Bowen ratio energy budget

Cited by 50 publications

References 45 publications

Estimation of Reservoir Discharges from Lake Nasser and Roseires Reservoir in the Nile Basin Using Satellite Altimetry and Imagery Data

Estimation of Reservoir Discharges from Lake Nasser and Roseires Reservoir in the Nile Basin Using Satellite Altimetry and Imagery Data

Evaporation in a Mediterranean environment by energy budget and Penman methods, Lake Baratz, Sardinia, Italy

Lake Evaporation in a Hyper-Arid Environment, Northwest of China—Measurement and Estimation

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