Eventos adversos pós-vacina contra a difteria, coqueluche e tétano e fatores associados à sua gravidade

Abstract

Passive surveillance of AEFV-DPT was shown to be useful for monitoring the safety of the DPT vaccine, through describing the characteristics and magnitude of these events, and also enabling identification of possible factors associated with severe forms.

Prevalência e fatores associados à ocorrência de eventos adversos pós-vacinação em crianças

“…(1,14) The high frequency of AEFI in children under one year old found in this study was also evidenced in other studies. (7,8,15) This study points out that in this age group there is a higher concentration of vaccines applied and the immune system is still immature, increasing the probability of infectious processes, allergies, and clinical alterations that may be associated with immunization. (13,14,16,17) The present study evidenced the predominance of AEFI in children aged between 3 and 6 months.…”

“…In this sense, the identification of AEFI enables the improvement of healthcare routines for children and contributes to interventions aiming at the safety of vaccines as the passive surveillance of AEFI may be considered useful in the monitoring of vaccine-related safety. (2,6,7) The nursing team plays a prominent role as vaccinators and vaccine room supervisors, monitoring technical and operational aspects, and in the screening and monitoring of the vaccine status of users, especially in primary health care. Therefore, studies on AEFI may contribute to the identification of opportunities to improve the actions developed in immunization rooms.…”

“…The association of AEFI with the DPT, tetravalent, and pentavalent vaccines containing this toxin may not be confirmed unless specific tests are performed to prove the causal relation considering all the components present in these immunological agents. (7,17,19) However, after the implementation of the tetravalent vaccine, some states registered increase in the number of cases of AEFI, especially HHE. (19) In this study, HHE were the most prevalent event, and other severe and unusual events associated with the tetravalent and pentavalent vaccines were registered.…”

“…Their intensity, however, may vary from mild and expected effects such as local manifestation to moderate and severe events and rare cases, classified as unexpected. (1,3,7) Considering the characteristics of the vaccinees, children under one year old represent the most AEFI-affected group. The highest concentration of vaccines offered and doses applied take place in this age group.…”

“…Studies conducted in São Paulo and Teresina showed that the distribution of AEFI in this age group represented approximately 80% in relation to the other population segments. (7)(8)(9) In this sense, it is important to perform screening and monitoring following immunization so that AEFI are identified and intervention measures are adopted in a timely manner, enabling the maintenance of quality, safety of the vaccinees, and preservation of the reliability of the immunization. (1,9) AEFI should be carefully investigated aiming at avoiding a mismatch of cause and effect with the immunization, especially in cases presenting the occurrence of transitory association of the complication with the immunization.…”