Every Cockroach Is Beautiful to Its Mother

Arruda, L. Karla; Pomés, Anna

doi:10.1159/000350207

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Structural biology studies investigating the different allergen components have reported that some cockroach allergens are likely secreted or excreted (Bla g 1, 2, and 4) while others, (such as Bla g 6, 7, and 8), are likely only released after breakdown of the dead insect body ( 10 ). In addition, some allergens are only expressed under specific circumstances: Bla g 4 (lipocalin) for example is only expressed by male cockroaches during reproductive activity ( 11 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in German Cockroach Extract Composition Greatly Impacts T Cell Potency in Cockroach-Allergic Donors

et al. 2019

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German cockroach extract is used clinically to evaluate allergen-specific sensitization and for subcutaneous allergen-specific immunotherapy, though there are no guidelines for standardization in its manufacture. We performed an immunological evaluation of 12 different cockroach extracts prepared from different sources and their potency to induce allergen-specific T cell reactivity. PBMC from 13 cockroach allergic donors were expanded in vitro with 12 different German cockroach extracts. After culture expansion, cells were re-stimulated with the different extracts and T cell responses were assessed by FluoroSpot (IL-5, IFNγ and IL-10 production). In parallel to the extracts, single allergen peptide pools for allergens from groups 1, 2, 4, 5, and 11 were tested to determine allergen immunodominance. Furthermore, to assess allergy specificity, PBMC from 13 non-allergic donors were also tested with the most potent extract and T cell responses were compared to the allergic cohort. Dramatic variations in T cell reactivity were observed to the different cockroach extract batches. Response magnitudes varied over 3 logs within a single donor. IL-5 production in the allergic cohort was significantly higher compared to the non-allergic cohort (p=0.004). Allergen content determination by ELISA detected much lower concentrations of Bla g 5 compared to Bla g 1 and 2. Mass spectrometric analysis revealed that Bla g 5 was present in similar amounts to Bla g 1 and 2 in extracts made from whole body, whereas it was not detected in extracts made from fecal matter, suggesting that Bla g 5 is not excreted into feces. Different donors exhibit different response patterns to different extracts, potentially dependent on the donor-specific T cell allergen immunodominance pattern and the allergen content of the extract tested. These findings have dramatic implications for the selection of potent extracts used for diagnostic purposes or allergen-specific immunotherapy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in German Cockroach Extract Composition Greatly Impacts T Cell Potency in Cockroach-Allergic Donors

et al. 2019

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“…In this study, we focus on cockroach allergen (CRA), an important allergen associated with allergic asthma and asthma morbidity, especially in low-income urban populations 19 – 21 . CRA can activate protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) 22 – 24 and toll-like receptors (TLRs) 25 to induce the release of inflammatory cytokines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GM-CSF produced by the airway epithelium is required for sensitization to cockroach allergen

2017

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Airway epithelial cells are among the first to encounter inhaled allergens and can initiate allergic responses by producing pro-Th2 innate cytokines. In this study, we investigated the role of epithelial-derived cytokines in sensitization to a clinically relevant allergen, cockroach allergen (CRA). Among the epithelial-derived cytokines, GM-CSF played a central role in the initiation of Th2 allergic responses to CRA. We show that initial exposure to CRA directly activated airway epithelial cells through a TLR4-MyD88-dependent pathway and MyD88 signaling in epithelial cells induced upregulation of GM-CSF during sensitization. Epithelial-derived GM-CSF was required for allergic sensitization and selectively restored Th2 responses in the absence of MyD88. Thus, we demonstrate that epithelial-derived GM-CSF is a critical early signal during allergic sensitization to CRA.

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“…By contrast, German and American cockroaches (Blattella germanica and Periplaneta americana, respectively) have adapted to cohabitate with humans and are the major source of perennial environmental indoor allergens in urban and low socioeconomic settings. 7,8 The prevalence of allergic sensitization to cockroach allergens in urban homes is high. More than 65% of all inner-city children and 35% of those who have asthma are allergic to cockroaches.…”

Section: Cockroachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allergenic extracts to diagnose and treat sensitivity to insect venoms and inhaled allergens

Khurana

Bridgewater

Rabin

2017

Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology

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Every Cockroach Is Beautiful to Its Mother

Cited by 11 publications

References 40 publications

Variability in German Cockroach Extract Composition Greatly Impacts T Cell Potency in Cockroach-Allergic Donors

Variability in German Cockroach Extract Composition Greatly Impacts T Cell Potency in Cockroach-Allergic Donors

GM-CSF produced by the airway epithelium is required for sensitization to cockroach allergen

Allergenic extracts to diagnose and treat sensitivity to insect venoms and inhaled allergens

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