Everything you have ever wanted to know about Yin Yang 1......

Shi, Yang; Lee, Jeng-Shin; Galvin, Katherine

doi:10.1016/s0304-419x(96)00044-3

Cited by 353 publications

(496 citation statements)

References 120 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

482

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…YY1 has been shown to repress transcription by physically interacting with the GTFs and various activators, as well as displacing activators with overlapping binding sites (reviewed in [162,163]). On the other hand, YY1 has been shown to act as an enhancer, as well as an initiator, of transcription (reviewed in [162,163].…”

Section: Dual Functionality Of Tfsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Transcriptional control and the role of silencers in transcriptional regulation in eukaryotes

Ogbourne

Antalis

1998

Biochemical Journal

227

171

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mechanisms controlling transcription and its regulation are fundamental to our understanding of molecular biology and, ultimately, cellular biology. Our knowledge of transcription initiation and integral factors such as RNA polymerase is considerable, and more recently our understanding of the involvement of enhancers and complexes such as holoenzyme and mediator has increased dramatically. However, an understanding of transcriptional repression is also essential for a complete understanding of promoter structure and the regulation of gene expression. Transcriptional repression in eukaryotes is achieved through ‘silencers ’, of which there are two types, namely ‘silencer elements ’ and ‘negative regulatory elements ’ (NREs). Silencer elements are classical, position-independent elements that direct an active repression mechanism, and NREs are position-dependent elements that direct a passive repression mechanism. In addition, ‘repressors ’ are DNA-binding trasncription factors that interact directly with silencers. A review of the recent literature reveals that it is the silencer itself and its context within a given promoter, rather than the interacting repressor, that determines the mechanism of repression. Silencers form an intrinsic part of many eukaryotic promoters and, consequently, knowledge of their interactive role with enchancers and other transcriptional elements is essential for our understanding of gene regulation in eukaryotes.

show abstract

Section: Dual Functionality Of Tfsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, YY1 has been shown to act as an enhancer, as well as an initiator, of transcription (reviewed in [162,163]. Furthermore, YY1 can simultaneously activate and repress different genes in the same cell [164,165].…”

Section: Dual Functionality Of Tfsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional control and the role of silencers in transcriptional regulation in eukaryotes

Ogbourne

Antalis

1998

Biochemical Journal

227

171

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…p53 and the multifunctional transcription regulator Yin Yang 1 (YY1) (Shi et al, 1997;Gordon et al, 2006) exist in a functional balance with each other: YY1 promotes p53 degradation via the proteosomal pathway and, in turn, loss of p53 results in increased levels of YY1 (Gronroos et al, 2004;Sui et al, 2004). YY1 can bind to p53 responsive elements and modulate p53 activation or repression of gene expression (Yakovleva et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of p53 induces epidermal growth factor receptor promoter activity in normal human keratinocytes

2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in human papillomavirus type 16-immortalized human keratinocytes (HKc) is caused by the viral oncoprotein E6, which targets p53 for degradation. We have previously observed that expression of p53 RNAi in normal HKc is associated with an increase in EGFR mRNA and protein. We now report that p53 RNAi induces EGFR promoter activity up to approximately 10-fold in normal HKc, and this effect does not require intact p53 binding sites on the EGFR promoter. Exogenous wildtype p53 inhibits the EGFR promoter at low levels, and activates it at higher concentrations. Yin Yang 1 (YY1), which negatively regulates p53, induces EGFR promoter activity, and this effect is augmented by p53 RNAi. Intact p53 binding sites on the EGFR promoter are not required for activation by YY1. In addition, Sp1 and YY1 synergistically induce the EGFR promoter in normal HKc, indicating that Sp1 may recruit YY1 as a coactivator. Wild-type p53 suppressed Sp1-and YY1-mediated induction of the EGFR promoter. We conclude that acute loss of p53 in normal HKc induces EGFR expression by a mechanism that involves YY1 and Sp1 and does not require p53 binding to the EGFR promoter.

show abstract

“…YY1 is a ubiquitously expressed multifunctional transcriptional regulator that can act as a repressor, an activator or an initiator element binding protein, depending on both the promoter and the cellular context (for a review, see [31]). Both repression and activation domains have been identified within YY1, which provides a structural basis for its dual functionality [32,33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both repression and activation domains have been identified within YY1, which provides a structural basis for its dual functionality [32,33]. A large number of cellular and viral genes have been shown to be negatively regulated by YY1 (for reviews, see [31,34]). Examples of genes positively regulated by YY1 include c-myc [35], some ribosomal protein genes [36] and p53 [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional analysis of the promoter region of the human phosphotyrosine phosphatase activator gene: Yin Yang 1 is essential for core promoter activity

Janssens

Hoof

Baere

et al. 1999

Biochemical Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The phosphotyrosine phosphatase activator (PTPA) has been isolated as an in vitro regulator of protein phosphatase 2A. Human PTPA is encoded by a single gene, the structure and chromosomal localization of which have been determined in our previous work. Here we describe the further isolation, sequencing and functional characterization of the PTPA promoter region. In agreement with its ubiquitous expression, the PTPA promoter displays several characteristics of housekeeping genes: it lacks both a TATA-box and a CAAT-box, it is very GC-rich and it contains an unmethylated CpG island surrounding the transcription initiation site. Transient transfection experiments in different cell types with several truncated chimaeric luciferase reporter gene plasmids revealed the importance of the region between positions -67 and -39 for basal promoter activity. This region coincides remarkably well with the determined CpG island. Further analysis of this region demonstrated the presence of a Yin Yang 1 (YY1) binding motif at positions -52 to -44. Binding of YY1 to this sequence is demonstrated in bandshift and DNase I footprinting experiments. Another YY1 binding motif is found in the 5ʹ untranslated region, at positions +27 to +35. Mutations in either of these sites, abolishing YY1 binding in vitro, have differential effects on promoter activity. Point mutations in both sites completely abolish promoter activity. Moreover, induction of promoter activity by co-transfection with a YY1 expression plasmid is fully dependent upon the presence of both intact YY1 binding sites. Thus YY1 apparently mediates basal transcription of the human PTPA gene through two binding sites within its proximal promoter.

show abstract

Everything you have ever wanted to know about Yin Yang 1......

Cited by 353 publications

References 120 publications

Transcriptional control and the role of silencers in transcriptional regulation in eukaryotes

Transcriptional control and the role of silencers in transcriptional regulation in eukaryotes

Loss of p53 induces epidermal growth factor receptor promoter activity in normal human keratinocytes

Functional analysis of the promoter region of the human phosphotyrosine phosphatase activator gene: Yin Yang 1 is essential for core promoter activity

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About