Evidence for environmentally derived immunomodulation in mussels from the Venice Lagoon

Pipe, R.K.; Coles, Jackie A.; Thomas, Margaret E.; Fossato, V.U.; Pulsford, A.

doi:10.1016/0166-445x(94)00076-3

Cited by 79 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This variation may reflect the biological characteristics of the individuals, their physiological state and the environmental conditions (Auffret & Oubella 1995), and may be related to the haemopoietic activity of the bivalves (Anderson 1990, Pipe et al 1995. The number of haemocytes were influenced by seasonal factors (such as temperature, reproductive cycle, food), as reported by Santarèm et al (1994) for Mytilus galloprovincialis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lytic enzymes play a key role in these processes. They are produced in the granulocytes and released into phagosomes (Cheng & Cali 1974, Cheng & Rodrick 1975, Cheng 1983, Yoshino 1988, Pipe 1990, Pipe et al 1995, Cajaraville et al 1996, Carballal et al 1997c. Lysosomal hydrolases are compartmentalized within electron-dense specific granules (Yoshino & Cheng 1976, Rodrick & Ulrich 1984, Pipe 1990.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological and cytoenzymatic characterization of haemocytes of the venus clam Chamelea gallina

Pampanin

Marin²,

Ballarin³

2002

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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A morphological and enzymatic characterization of Chamelea gallina haemocytes was carried out as a prerequisite for further studies on venus clam immunobiology. Two main types of circulating haemocytes were identified (1) hyalinocytes (79.2%), agranular cells with a central nucleus surrounded by a little cytoplasm, and (2) granulocytes (16.5%), smaller granular cells with smaller nuclei. Small cells with a strongly basophilic nucleus and a thin layer of peripheral cytoplasm, probably undifferentiated blast cells (4.3%), were also observed. Both granulocytes and hyalinocytes can assume a spreading or round morphology. The enzymatic activities of haemocytes were also investigated. Some of the granulocytes and hyalinocytes were positive for hydrolytic enzymes, suggesting a role for these cells in phagocytosis; no oxidative enzymes were detected in C. gallina haemocytes. Granulocytes and hyalinocytes can easily adhere to the substratum and exhibit a low phagocytosis activity towards foreign particles (6.3%), whereas the fraction of cells containing ingested material significantly increased after pre-incubation of test particles with cell-free haemolymph, which suggests the presence of opsonin(s) in the haemolymph. KEY WORDS: Haemocytes · Chamelea gallina · Cytoenzymology · Phagocytosis Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 49: [227][228][229][230][231][232][233][234] 2002 (Cheney 1971, Foley & Cheng 1974, Moore & Eble 1977, Huffman & Tripp 1982. Since no data are available concerning Chamelea gallina haemocytes and their role in immunity, we carried out a morpho-functional characterization of C. gallina haemocytes as a prerequisite for further studies on the immunobiology of the venus clam in order to define a series of immuno-biomarkers to be used in the evaluation of stress conditions for this species.Our results indicate the presence of 2 main haemocyte types, namely granulocytes and hyalinocytes, both exhibiting lysosomal enzymes and phagocytosis activity. MATERIALS AND METHODSClams (shell length 20 to 30 mm) were collected with a hydraulic dredge at Venice Lido, on the west coast of the Northern Adriatic Sea, in front of the Venice lagoon. They were kept in the laboratory for 2 to 3 d before experiments in 70 l tanks filled with aerated seawater that was renewed every other day (salinity 35 ± 1 ‰; temperature 17 ± 1°C) and fed with microalgae (Isochrysis galbana and Phaeodactylum tricornutum).Heamolymph collection. Haemolymph was collected from the anterior adductor muscle of clams with a syringe containing 10 mM of L-cysteine in filtered seawater (FSW), pH 7.5, to a final dilution of 1:1 haemolymph/L-cysteine. Haemolymph was also collected in the absence of L-cysteine and centrifuged at 780 × g for 10 min to pellet cells and obtain cell-free haemolymph (CFH).Haemocyte cultures. Haemolymph was centrifuged at 780 × g for 10 min and the pellet was resuspended in FSW to achieve a final concentration of 10 6 cells ml -1 . Sixty µl of haemocyte susp...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and cytoenzymatic characterization of haemocytes of the venus clam Chamelea gallina

Pampanin

Marin²,

Ballarin³

2002

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…In the Venice lagoon, phagocytosis by Mytilus galloprovincialis haemocytes was highly variable, but did show some correlation with contaminant levels (Pipe et al 1995b). In the Bay of Biscay (Spain), phagocytosis by M. galloprovincialis haemocytes was higher in mussels at a site known to have low levels of PAH contaminants (Cajaraville et al 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…THC, total hydrocarbon concentration; PAH, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon A study using the chemiluminescence assay tested a variety of compounds (including naphthalene) on Crassostrea virginica haemocytes and found generally that high contaminant concentrations depressed the response (Larsson et al 1989). Pipe et al (1995b) used the NBT assay on the haemocytes of mussels from the Venice lagoon and found that intra-cellular superoxide appeared greater during periods of lower organic contaminant concentrations (principally PCBs; PAHs were not measured). NBT reduction has also been used to investigate haemocyte superoxide generation in C. virginica, and significant effects were found with both date and site differences (Fisher et al 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in immune parameters of natural mussel Mytilus edulis populations following a major oil spill ('Sea Empress', Wales, UK)

Dyrynda¹,

Law²,

Dyrynda³

et al. 2000

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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In February 1996, the oil tanker 'Sea Empress' spilt over 70 000 t of crude oil which contaminated ca 200 km of coastline (Milford Haven, Wales, UK). The effects of the oil on immunity in mussels Mytilus edulis were investigated in parallel with the measurement of hydrocarbon contamination in the tissues. Initially, severe immunosuppression occurred in oiled mussels, corresponding with very high polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) levels. The haemocytes of mussels from oiled sites showed significantly reduced superoxide generation and phagocytic activity, effects likely to have deleterious consequences for successful disease resistance. As contaminant levels decreased, the immunosuppression became less extreme and recovery was evident by May 1996. Between October 1996 and March 1997, immune activity in the haemocytes of the previously oiled mussels was again significantly reduced, coinciding with increased PAH levels. During this latter period, certain high molecular mass PAHs (characteristically derived from combustion processes) were primarily responsible for the increase, occurring at similar concentrations in the mussel tissues to those observed just after the spill. A subsequent reduction of hydrocarbons in June 1997 was followed by another, but less marked, increase in PAHs between October 1997 and March 1998, coupled with only minimal changes in immunity. The results show that immunosuppression following the oil spill was severe, but that recovery followed a few months later and the initial effects were not therefore permanent. The results also suggest that seasonal peaks in combustion-derived PAHs may occur in the region and that these would have been greatly exacerbated early in 1996 by oil released from the 'Sea Empress'. KEY WORDS: Mytilus · Immune defence · Haemocyte · Oil spill · Hydrocarbon contaminationResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher Mar Ecol Prog Ser 206: 155-170, 2000 These include the induction of biomarker enzymes in fish and molluscs (Sole et al. 1996, Woodin et al. 1997, Stagg et al. 1998, Kirby et al. 1999, abnormalities in fish embryos/larvae (Hose et al. 1996, Bue et al. 1998 and haematological changes in vertebrates (Duffy et al. 1994, Walton et al. 1997.Despite the considerable effects that crude oil contaminants can exert on the physiology of marine animals, information concerning impacts on the physiology of natural invertebrate populations is more limited, particularly with respect to their immune defences. Globally, marine invertebrates constitute an important economic resource, and factors influencing their ability to resist disease and hence maintain healthy populations are of considerable relevance. Invertebrate immune defences comprise cellular and humoral components, which are highly efficient in combating pathogens and parasites and share many facets with vertebrate immune defences (Ratcliffe et al. 1985, Engstrøm et al. 1993. Laboratory exposure to contaminants can significantly alter immunity in invertebrates fr...

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“…1c) whereas limpet S. lessoni did not show any difference between sites. Due to the complexity and the interdependence of its components, the immune system is particularly sensitive to environmental stressors, including exposure to contaminants (Pipe and Coles 1995). Both inhibition and induction of different components of the invertebrate immune system have been associated with pollution (Coles et al 1994;Fournier et al 2001;Jing et al 2006).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Mussels Always the Best Bioindicators? Comparative Study on Biochemical Responses of Three Marine Invertebrate Species to Chronic Port Pollution

Laitano

Fernández-Gimenez

2016

Bull Environ Contam Toxicol

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Bivalves have traditionally been considered good bioindicators due to their sensitivity to pollution, among other features. This characteristic is shared by several other non-bivalve species as well, though studies in this respect remain scarce. This work aims to compare biomarker sensitivity to chronic port pollution among three intertidal invertebrate species with good bioindicator characteristics. Mussels' immunological (phenoloxidase and peroxidases) and biotransformation (glutathione-S-transferase) responses were contrasted against those of limpets and barnacles. The three species under study evidenced activity of all the enzymes measured, although with differences. Barnacle Balanus glandula was the most sensitive species showing pollution modulation of the three enzymes, which suggests that mussels would not always be the best bioindicator species among marine invertebrates depending on the responses that are assessed.

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Evidence for environmentally derived immunomodulation in mussels from the Venice Lagoon

Cited by 79 publications

References 24 publications

Morphological and cytoenzymatic characterization of haemocytes of the venus clam Chamelea gallina

Morphological and cytoenzymatic characterization of haemocytes of the venus clam Chamelea gallina

Changes in immune parameters of natural mussel Mytilus edulis populations following a major oil spill ('Sea Empress', Wales, UK)

Are Mussels Always the Best Bioindicators? Comparative Study on Biochemical Responses of Three Marine Invertebrate Species to Chronic Port Pollution

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