“…Therefore, reverse transcription and integration are not major contributors to the apparent defectiveness of HIV-1. These results are in general agreement with other published studies using Nef Ϫ HIV-1, HIV-1 vectors, and murine leukemia virus: ϳ10 to 30% of maximum postinfection vDNA become proviruses (3,7,8,11,12,28,43).…”