Evidence for Holocene changes in Australian–Indonesian monsoon rainfall from stalagmite trace element and stable isotope ratios

Griffiths, Michael L.; Drysdale, Russell N.; Gagan, Michael K.; Frisia, Silvia; Zhao, Jian‐xin; Ayliffe, Linda K.; Hantoro, Wahyoe S.; Hellström, John; Fischer, Matt J.; Feng, Yuexing; Suwargadi, B. W.

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.01.002

Cited by 127 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…The relative standard deviation of replicate standards of Mg and Ca was 1.6% and 1.5%, respectively. These data were previously published in Griffiths et al (2010a).…”

supporting

confidence: 68%

“…Results are expressed as the deviation in per mil (&) between the sample and the VPDB standard using the delta notation. The analytical uncertainty (1s) of a working standard (a Carrara Marble called New1) was 0.08& for d 18 O and 0.05& for d 13 C. These data were previously published in Griffiths et al (2009Griffiths et al ( , 2010aGriffiths et al ( , 2010b.…”

supporting

confidence: 60%

“…The stalagmite used in this study (LR06-B1), previously reported in Griffiths et al (2009Griffiths et al ( , 2010aGriffiths et al ( , 2010b, was collected from Liang Luar, a w1.7 km-long cave on the Indonesian island of Flores. The cave is situated w550 m above mean sea-level (a.m.s.l.)…”

Section: Study Site and Sample Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We use a well-defined uranium-series age model and the Southern Hemisphere 14 C calibration curve (SHCal04; McCormac et al, 2004) to derive a DCF time series through this interval, then compare this series to stable-isotope (d 13 C and d 18 O) and trace-element (Mg/Ca) data from the same speleothem (previously reported in Griffiths et al, 2009Griffiths et al, , 2010a to determine the forcing mechanisms. In addition, we analysed 14 C through the bomb pulse to provide input parameters to a soil-karst model Fohlmeister et al, 2011a), which was used to explore the initial 14 C activity (a 14 C) in greater detail between the soil-water DIC above Liang Luar and the speleothem within the cave.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TIMS 230 Th/ 234 U analyses were carried out at the University of Queensland, Australia, using a Fisons VG Sector 54-30 mass spectrometer equipped with (Griffiths et al, 2009(Griffiths et al, , 2010a(Griffiths et al, , 2010b. Section A was in situ at the time of collection while section B was dislodged from its base w1.52 ka before present ("present" ¼ 1950 A.D.).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrological control of the dead carbon fraction in a Holocene tropical speleothem

Griffiths

Fohlmeister

Drysdale

et al. 2012

Quaternary Geochronology

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a b s t r a c tOver the past decade, a number of speleothem studies have used radiocarbon ( 14 C) to address a range of palaeoclimate problems. These have included the use of the bomb pulse 14 C to anchor chronologies over the last 60 years, the combination of U-Th and 14 C measurements to improve the radiocarbon agecalibration curve, and linking atmospheric 14 C variations with climate change. An issue with a number of these studies is how to constrain, or interpret, variations in the amount of radioactively dead carbon (i.e. the dead carbon fraction, or DCF) that reduces radiocarbon concentrations in speleothems. In this study, we use 14 C, stable-isotopes, and trace-elements in a U-Th dated speleothem from Flores, Indonesia, to examine DCF variations and their relationship with above-cave climate over the late Holocene and modern era. A strong association between the DCF and hydrologically-controlled proxy data suggests that more dead carbon was being delivered to the speleothem during periods of higher cave recharge (i.e. lower d 18 O, d 13 C and Mg/Ca values), and hence stronger summer monsoon. To explore this relationship, we used a geochemical soil-karst model coupled with 14 C measurements through the bomb pulse to disentangle the dominant components governing DCF variability in the speleothem. We find that the DCF is primarily controlled by limestone dissolution associated with changes in open-versus closed-system conditions, rather than kinetic fractionation and/or variations in the age spectrum of soil organic matter above the cave. Therefore, we infer that periods of higher rainfall resulted in a higher DCF because the system was in a more closed state, which inhibited carbon isotope exchange between the karst water dissolved inorganic carbon and soil-gas CO 2 , and ultimately led to a greater contribution of dead carbon from the bedrock.Published by Elsevier B.V.

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“…The relative standard deviation of replicate standards of Mg and Ca was 1.6% and 1.5%, respectively. These data were previously published in Griffiths et al (2010a).…”

supporting

confidence: 68%

supporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Study Site and Sample Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrological control of the dead carbon fraction in a Holocene tropical speleothem

Griffiths

Fohlmeister

Drysdale

et al. 2012

Quaternary Geochronology

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Holocene tropical western Indian Ocean sea surface temperatures in covariation with climatic changes in the Indonesian region

et al. 2014

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The sea surface temperature (SST) of the tropical Indian Ocean is a major component of global climate teleconnections. While the Holocene SST history is documented for regions affected by the Indian and Arabian monsoons, data from the near-equatorial western Indian Ocean are sparse. Reconstructing past zonal and meridional SST gradients requires additional information on past temperatures from the western boundary current region. We present a unique record of Holocene SST and thermocline depth variations in the tropical western Indian Ocean as documented in foraminiferal Mg/Ca ratios and δ 18 O from a sediment core off northern Tanzania. For Mg/Ca and thermocline δ 18 O, most variance is concentrated in the centennial to bicentennial periodicity band. On the millennial time scale, an early to mid-Holocene (~7.8-5.6 ka) warm phase is followed by a temperature drop by up to 2°C, leading to a mid-Holocene cool interval (5.6-4.2 ka). The shift is accompanied by an initial reduction in the difference between surface and thermocline foraminiferal δ 18 O, consistent with the thickening of the mixed layer and suggestions of a strengthened Walker circulation. However, we cannot confirm the expected enhanced zonal SST gradient, as the cooling of similar magnitude had previously been found in SSTs from the upwelling region off Sumatra and in Flores air temperatures. The SST pattern probably reflects the tropical Indian Ocean expression of a large-scale climate anomaly rather than a positive Indian Ocean Dipole-like mean state.

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The climate variability in northern Levant over the past 20,000 years

Cheng

Sinha

Verheyden

et al. 2015

Geophys. Res. Lett.

178

191

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The Levant constitutes an important region for assessing linkages between climate and societal changes throughout the course of human history. However, large uncertainties remain in our understanding of the region's hydroclimate variability under varying boundary conditions. Here we present a new high‐resolution, precisely dated speleothem oxygen‐carbon isotope and Sr/Ca records, spanning the last 20 ka from Jeita Cave, northern Levant. Our record reveals a higher (lower) precipitation‐evaporation (P‐E) balance during the Last Glacial Maximum and Bølling interstadial (Heinrich stadial 1). The early‐middle Holocene is characterized by a trend toward higher P‐E state, culminating between ~7 and 6 ka. The middle‐late Holocene is characterized by two millennial‐length drier periods during 5.3–4.2 and 2.8–1.4 ka. On submillennial time scale, the northern Levant climate variability is dominated by 500 year periodicity. Comparisons with the regional proxy records suggest persistent out‐of‐phase climate variability between the northern and southern Levant on a wide range of timescales.

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Evidence for Holocene changes in Australian–Indonesian monsoon rainfall from stalagmite trace element and stable isotope ratios

Cited by 127 publications

References 77 publications

Hydrological control of the dead carbon fraction in a Holocene tropical speleothem

Hydrological control of the dead carbon fraction in a Holocene tropical speleothem

Holocene tropical western Indian Ocean sea surface temperatures in covariation with climatic changes in the Indonesian region

The climate variability in northern Levant over the past 20,000 years

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