Evidence for modulated immune response to Anaplasma phagocytophila sensu lato in cats with FIV-induced immunosuppression

Foley, Janet E.; Leutenegger, Christian M.; Dumler, Stephen J.; Pedersen, Niels C; Madigan, John E.

doi:10.1016/s0147-9571(02)00023-1

Cited by 28 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Various other symptoms have been reported in cats, including tachypnea, hyperesthesia, muscle and joint pain, lameness, neck rigidity, lymphadenomegaly, gingivitis, periodontitis, conjunctivitis, weight loss, vomiting, pharyngitis, polydipsia, hematuria, and neurological problems such as tremors, incoordination, and shyness [27]. Anaplasmosis causes immunosuppression [27,28], and some of the many symptoms reported in cats may have been caused by opportunistic infections. The present cat showed tachypnea with mild bronchial pattern in the lungs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other reported hematologic abnormalities include neutrophilia with left shift and anemia. The combination of different hematological abnormalities varies [5,17,27,28] and is most probably related to the duration of infection prior to sampling. Monoclonal gammopathy and hyperglycemia were reported as serum biochemical abnormalities in feline anaplasmosis [5,17,24,27,29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bacterium appears as a single inclusion with a diameter of 0.54 - 1.3 microns, or as colonies (morulae) of 1.5 - 5.0 microns in the cytoplasm of infected neutrophilic and eosinophilic granulocytes [27,30-32] (Figure 1). In feline experimental infection with A. phagocytophilum , intracytoplasmic inclusions appeared in neutrophils in 7 - 9 days [28]. The number of infected cells varies from 1% to 24% in different reports.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in a domestic cat in Finland: Case report

Heikkilä

Бондаренко²,

Mihalkov³

et al. 2010

Acta Vet Scand

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BackgroundAnaplasmosis is a vectorborne disease caused by the gram-negative bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum. This species displays positive tropism to granulocytes and can cause illness in several mammalian species, including cats, dogs, and humans. It is considered as an emerging disease in Europe. The clinical signs are nonspecific and include fever, lethargy, and inappetence. The most typical hematologic abnormality is thrombocytopenia. A tentative diagnosis can be made by detecting intracytoplasmic morulae inside neutrophils. The diagnosis is confirmed by PCR and serology in paired serum samples. A sample for PCR analysis should be taken before treatment. Anaplasmosis is treated with doxycycline.Case presentationA feline case of anaplasmosis is presented. The history, clinical presentation, diagnostics, treatment, and follow-up are discussed.ConclusionsThis case indicates that Anaplasma phagocytophilum infects cats in Finland. To provide accurate treatment, anaplasmosis should be listed as a differential diagnosis in cats suffering from acute febrile illness with previous tick exposure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in a domestic cat in Finland: Case report

Heikkilä

Бондаренко²,

Mihalkov³

et al. 2010

Acta Vet Scand

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“…Real-time PCR tests were designed using a commercially available software (PrimerExpress 3.0) according to the published guidelines [41]. The test was adapted from previous publications [42, 43] and consisted of a mixture of two strain specific tests including A. phagocytophilum ( msp 2 gene, GenBank accession no. DQ519570) and A. platys (AY848753).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaplasma spp. in dogs and owners in north-western Morocco

et al. 2017

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Background Anaplasma phagocytophilum is an emerging tick-borne zoonotic pathogen of increased interest worldwide which has been detected in northern Africa. Anaplasma platys is also present in this region and could possibly have a zoonotic potential. However, only one recent article reports on the human esposure to A. phagocytophilum in Morocco and no data are available on canine exposure to both bacteria. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional epidemiological study aiming to assess both canine and human exposure to Anaplasma spp. in Morocco. A total of 425 dogs (95 urban, 160 rural and 175 working dogs) and 11 dog owners were sampled from four cities of Morocco. Canine blood samples were screened for Anaplasma spp. antibodies by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and for A. phagocytophilum and A. platys DNA by a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeting the msp2 gene. Human sera were tested for specific A. phagocytophilum immunoglobulin G (IgG) using a commercial immunofluorescence assay (IFA) kit.Results Anaplasma spp. antibodies and A. platys DNA were detected in 21.9 and 7.5% of the dogs, respectively. Anaplasma phagocytophilum DNA was not amplified. Anaplasma platys DNA was significantly more frequently amplified for working dogs. No statistically significant differences in the prevalence of Anaplasma spp. antibodies or A. platys DNA detection were observed between sexes, age classes or in relation to exposure to ticks. A total of 348 Rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato) ticks were removed from 35 urban and working dogs. The majority of dog owners (7/10) were seroreactive to A. phagoyctophilum IgG (one sample was excluded because of hemolysis).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the occurrence of Anaplasma spp. exposure and A. platys infection in dogs, and A. phagocytophilum exposure in humans in Morocco.

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“…1,2,6 The failure of the cats in the current study to develop clinical anaplasmosis may have been related to the immune status of the cats (immunocompetent), the dose of the organism, or the strain of A. phagocytophilum. 4,13 As with most rickettsial infections, A. phagocytophilum rickettsemia in cats can be detected by amplification of specific DNA from blood prior to detecting antibodies in serum. Thus, if a cat with clinical findings of anaplasmosis is seronegative for A. phagocytophilum antibodies, submission of blood for PCR amplification of Anaplasma spp.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi infection in cats after exposure to wild-caught adult Ixodes scapularis

et al. 2015

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Cats are infected by Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi when exposed to infected Ixodes scapularis (black-legged ticks). The purpose of our study was to allow wild-caught I. scapularis to feed on healthy research cats ( n = 4) and temporally evaluate for A. phagocytophilum DNA in blood by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay as well as for antibody responses to the B. burgdorferi C6 peptide, to the A. phagocytophilum P44 peptide, and to a novel A. phagocytophilum peptide (P44-4). Prior to I. scapularis infestation, all cats were negative for antibodies against both organisms based on a kit optimized for dog serum, and negative for A. phagocytophilum DNA in blood using a conventional PCR assay. Using the pre-infestation samples, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting antibodies against the P44-4 peptide was optimized. Cats were infested with wild-caught I. scapularis for 7 days. Genomic DNA of A. phagocytophilum was amplified from the blood before antibodies were detected in all 4 cats. Antibodies against the C6 peptide, P44 peptide, and P44-4 peptide were detected in the sera of all 4 cats. Antibodies against P44-4 were detected prior to those against P44 in 3 out of 4 cats. The results suggest that a PCR assay should be considered in acutely ill cats with suspected anaplasmosis that are seronegative.

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Evidence for modulated immune response to Anaplasma phagocytophila sensu lato in cats with FIV-induced immunosuppression

Cited by 28 publications

References 40 publications

Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in a domestic cat in Finland: Case report

Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in a domestic cat in Finland: Case report

Anaplasma spp. in dogs and owners in north-western Morocco

Evidence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi infection in cats after exposure to wild-caught adult Ixodes scapularis

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