Evidence for more than one division of bacteria within airborne particles

Dimmick, R. L.; Wolochow, H.; Chatigny, M. A.

doi:10.1128/aem.38.4.642-643.1979

Cited by 42 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Does the atmosphere provide a niche for particular microorganisms? (Dimmick et al, 1979;Sattler et al, 2001;Amato et al, 2007) -Does the degradation of organic compounds by bacteria play a significant role in the chemistry of liquid particles in the atmosphere? (Herlihy et al, 1987;Ariya et al, 2002;Amato et al, 2007) The answer to each of these questions either depends on or enhances our knowledge of atmospheric bacterial concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteria in the global atmosphere – Part 2: Modeling of emissions and transport between different ecosystems

et al. 2009

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Abstract. Bacteria are constantly being transported through the atmosphere, which may have implications for human health, agriculture, cloud formation, and the dispersal of bacterial species. We simulate the global transport of bacteria, represented as 1 μm and 3 μm diameter spherical solid particle tracers in a general circulation model. We investigate factors influencing residence time and distribution of the particles, including emission region, cloud condensation nucleus activity and removal by ice-phase precipitation. The global distribution depends strongly on the assumptions made about uptake into cloud droplets and ice. The transport is also affected, to a lesser extent, by the emission region, particulate diameter, and season. We find that the seasonal variation in atmospheric residence time is insufficient to explain by itself the observed seasonal variation in concentrations of particulate airborne culturable bacteria, indicating that this variability is mainly driven by seasonal variations in culturability and/or emission strength. We examine the potential for exchange of bacteria between ecosystems and obtain rough estimates of the flux from each ecosystem by using a maximum likelihood estimation technique, together with a new compilation of available observations described in a companion paper. Globally, we estimate the total emissions of bacteria-containing particles to the atmosphere to be 7.6×1023–3.5×1024 a−1, originating mainly from grasslands, shrubs and crops. We estimate the mass of emitted bacteria- to be 40–1800 Gg a−1, depending on the mass fraction of bacterial cells in the particles. In order to improve understanding of this topic, more measurements of the bacterial content of the air and of the rate of surface-atmosphere exchange of bacteria will be necessary. Future observations in wetlands, hot deserts, tundra, remote glacial and coastal regions and over oceans will be of particular interest.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteria in the global atmosphere – Part 2: Modeling of emissions and transport between different ecosystems

et al. 2009

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“…Recently, several new samplers have become commercially available, namely, the glass cyclone (Fig. 6; The Glassblowers, Inc., Turnersville, NJ [7, 73]) with flow controller (Poddymeter, Ltd., Kingston‐upon‐Thames, UK), direct collector for SEM investigations (California Measurements, Inc., Sierra Madre, CA), and the MicroBio air sampler (F.W. Parrett Ltd., UK).…”

Section: Experimentation With Airborne Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bacteria discussed here are those observed by the classical cultural methods. Some culturable airborne bacteria have been shown capable of reproducing while airborne [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ecology of bacteria in the alfresco atmosphere

Lighthart

2006

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

100

102

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This MiniReview is concerned with the sources, flux and the spacial and temporal distributions of culturable airborne bacteria; how meteorological conditions modulate these distributions; and how death, culture media, and experimental devices relate to measuring airborne bacteria. Solar radiation is thought to be the planetary driver of the annual (seasonal, where it occurs) and diurnal natural alfresco atmospheric bacterial population cycles. Long‐term climatological and short‐term meteorological events such as storms also ‘randomly’ modulate the populations. The annual cycle may be due largely to the seasonal events of vegetation growth, drying conditions, rainy season, and freezing winter temperatures. The diurnal cycle may also be influenced largely by solar radiation in that the sunrise peak that has been frequently observed may be due to convective updrafts entraining epiphytic and soil bacteria into the atmosphere. At this time they are initially concentrated in a slowly deepening mixed layer but then, as the layer deepens more rapidly in mid‐morning, they become increasingly dilute. When the layer formation slows in the early afternoon, and forms an inversion cap, the bacteria slowly accumulate in the deeper mixed layer until sundown. At sundown atmospheric cleansing processes rid the atmosphere of the larger bacteria associated particles. These processes may include gravitational settling, death due to desiccation, and upward displacement of the warm, light air by clean, cold, heavier air.

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“…Living microorganisms have been collected in the stratosphere (Imshenetsky et al, 1978), and there are several reports supporting the idea that microorganisms can live and reproduce on airborne particles (Dimmick et al, 1979). It has also been shown that microorganisms can actively grow and reproduce at temperatures near or below 0 • C in cloud droplets collected at high altitudes (Sattler et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Bacterial diversity of autotrophic enriched cultures from remote, glacial Antarctic, Alpine and Andean aerosol, snow and soil samples

et al. 2009

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International audienceFour different communities and one culture of autotrophic microbial assemblages were obtained by incubation of samples collected from high elevation snow in the Alps (Mt. Blanc area) and the Andes (Nevado Illimani summit, Bolivia), from Antarctic aerosol (French station Dumont d'Urville) and a maritime Antarctic soil (King George Island, South Shetlands, Uruguay Station Artigas), in a minimal mineral (oligotrophic) media. Molecular analysis of more than 200 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that all cultured cells belong to the Bacteria domain. Phylogenetic comparison with the currently available rDNA database allowed sequences belonging to Proteobacteria (Alpha-, Betaand Gamma-proteobacteria) , Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes phyla to be identified. The Andes snow culture was the richest in bacterial diversity (eight microorganisms identified) and the marine Antarctic soil the poorest (only one). Snow samples from Col du Midi (Alps) and the Andes shared the highest number of identified microorganisms (Agrobacterium, Limnobacter, Aquiflexus and two uncultured Alphaproteobacteria clones). These two sampling sites also shared four sequences with the Antarctic aerosol sample (Limnobacter, Pseudonocardia and an uncultured Alphaproteobacteria clone). The only microorganism identified in the Antarctica soil (Brevundimonas sp.) was also detected in the Antarctic aerosol. Most of the identified microorganisms had been detected previously in cold environments, marine sediments soils and rocks. Air current dispersal is the best model to explain the presence of very specific microorganisms, like those identified in this work, in environments very distant and very different from each other

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Evidence for more than one division of bacteria within airborne particles

Cited by 42 publications

References 2 publications

Bacteria in the global atmosphere – Part 2: Modeling of emissions and transport between different ecosystems

Bacteria in the global atmosphere – Part 2: Modeling of emissions and transport between different ecosystems

The ecology of bacteria in the alfresco atmosphere

Bacterial diversity of autotrophic enriched cultures from remote, glacial Antarctic, Alpine and Andean aerosol, snow and soil samples

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